The porcelain heating element actually sits outside of the incubator and yes, it does heat the water filled copper pipes (with absolutely no incubator experience, it took me hours to figure that one out). The porcelain heating element sits within the copper boiler which is covered by the galvanized "heat shield". The copper boiler is connected to a copper pipe, approximately 2.5 inches in diameter, that passes through the redwood and then runs the inside perimeter of the incubator at the top.



















