Quote: You're probably right, and I see no reason to treat those not sick as long as all of their poops look 100% normal. And normal "normal", none of those foamy normals shown on the "poo page". This poop is not normal:
-Kathy
Medical mystery- new symptom
- Thread starter UrbanPHXChicks
- Start date
Note that everything I have said will not help if the hen has cancer or bits of egg floating around in her belly. Tube feeding is not a cure, but it will buy time for antibiotics to start working and will pretty much guarantee that a bird is not going to die from dehydration or starvation. It's also a very good diagnostic tool in that once you have her properly hydrated, then fen, the poop should start to look different. From that one can make an educated guess as to what is wrong. Make sense?
For example, if I have one that's pooping green, I can tube fluids, then fluids and food (always hydrate first!). If the poop starts to change color, it was probably green from starvation, but if it stays green and runny, it's probably disease and/or bacteria.
-Kathy
For example, if I have one that's pooping green, I can tube fluids, then fluids and food (always hydrate first!). If the poop starts to change color, it was probably green from starvation, but if it stays green and runny, it's probably disease and/or bacteria.
-Kathy
- Thread starter
- #13
- Apr 3, 2013
- 25
- 1
- 22
This is incredibly helpful. I have powdered Corid (only one my feed store carries). I will isolate her and start treating with that today. Fluids aren't a problem- she is drinking on her own and very regularly. She will eat a little bit of feed in the morning, but then just graze on grass all day. She still has an interest in treats, like tomatoes and meal worms so I don't think she's past the point of no return just yet. I have a gut feeling that she has some type of cancer (no eggs since May from her) but I want to give it a go and if she's not better in a couple more weeks I will have her put down.
There is still a quality of life in her, she was chasing bugs earlier today. She's only lethargic in the mornings and early evening before going up to roost. Otherwise she is out grazing with the others.
All other chickens have normal droppings, absolutely nothing I see wrong (exception was a month ago I spotted tape segments in one which was when I ran to treat with the horse wormer).
There is still a quality of life in her, she was chasing bugs earlier today. She's only lethargic in the mornings and early evening before going up to roost. Otherwise she is out grazing with the others.
All other chickens have normal droppings, absolutely nothing I see wrong (exception was a month ago I spotted tape segments in one which was when I ran to treat with the horse wormer).
Try mixing some of the Corid water with crumbles and see if she'll eat that. Also start her on the Safeguard... worms are so easy to rule out, and Safeguard is so safe that there is *no* reason not to do it to a bird that is stable.
-Kathy
-Kathy
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/progr...t-over/tools/0-tabl-bacterial-infections.html
Bacterial infections
Colibacacillosis
Escherichia coli are Gram negative bacteria, normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract of birds. Pathogenic strains can cause diseases such as air sac disease, salpingitis, omphalitis, etc. alone or in combination with other pathogenic agents (viruses, Mycoplasma). Colibacillosis, and especially its respiratory form is of major importance in poultry production, as it can cause severe economic losses with mortality, loss of egg production or impaired growth. This disease can be treated by antimicrobials effective against Gram negative bacteria.
Pasteurellosis
This disease is caused by Pasteurella, which are Gram negative bacteria. Different types of Pasteurella can cause diseases. The most important ones are P. multocida (fowl cholera), P. anatipestifer and P. haemolytica.
These types can infect chickens, turkeys, ducks and other birds species. Mortality can be high, especially in older birds; the difficulty is that symptoms appear usually only briefly before death. Symptoms are anorexia, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea, and respiratory difficulties. A chronic form can also occur, with secondary localizations (joints, foot pads, sternal bursae). Hyperaemia occurs in the acute form, more localised lesions appear in the chronic one (Pneumonia in turkeys, etc.). Antimicrobials and vaccines are available to treat and prevent the disease. Strict hygienic procedures must be undertaken to eliminate Pasteurella organisms from a contaminated poultry house.
Bordetllosis
This is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease in poultry (especially in turkeys), caused by Bordetella avium (a Gram negative bacteria). It can be complicated by Escherichia coli and then cause severe economic losses. Bordetella alone causes sneezing, oculonasal discharge, mouth breathing, stunted growth and predisposes to other infections. Antibiotic treatments plus strict biosecurity measures help the treatment and control of the disease.
Infectious Coryza
This is an acute respiratory disease, caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum. It can occur in growing chickens and layers, causing increased numbers of culls and marked reduction (10-40%) in egg production. All ages are susceptible, chronic and healthy carrier birds can serve as a reservoir for the infection. Symptoms are mostly nasal discharge, facial oedema and conjunctivitis, growth impairment and loss in egg production. Vaccination and antibiotics can be used to prevent or treat this infection.
Tuberculosis
This is caused by Mycobacterium avium, a Gram positive bacteria. It is a chronic disease, and causes economic losses by decreased egg production and death. It is not a common disease in modern poultry farms. All bird species can be infected. The birds appear depressed, lose weight, pectoral muscles are often atrophied, feathers have a ruffled appearance; affected birds die within a few months or survive. Antimicrobials are not often used (long treatments are required). Biosecurity hygiene and vaccination can help towards disease control.
Salmonellosis
Avian Salmonellosis is a large group of acute or chronic diseases caused by Salmonella (Gram negative bacteria, more that 2000 serotypes are known). Besides some specific types of Salmonella (S. gallinarum pullorum, S. arizona) which cause particular diseases in birds, numbers of paratyphoid serotypes are common to birds and to other animal species. These serotypes can cause diseases, especially in young birds (e.g. S. typhimurium), but are more often carried by birds not manifesting any symptoms. This fact is of major public health significance, as poultry meat and eggs are possible sources of food-borne Salmonellosis in humans. Salmonella are very resistant in the environment and complex globalised control programmes must be implemented to control Salmonella spread. Authorities and poultry producers make a priority of this control, which involves complementary measures such as compulsory slaughter, monitoring, antibiotics, feed pelleting, competitive exclusion products and, of course, hygiene.
Campylobacteriosis
This disease is caused by members of the genus Campylobacter, especially C. jejuni, C. coli and C. laridis, which are Gram negative bacteria. This disease is of public health importance, as Campylobacter can cause serious disease in humans. Campylobacteriosis in humans is a food-borne disease and poultry meats are possible carriers. Campylobacter usually induces depression and diarrhoea, or even mortality. It is difficult to eradicate Campylobacter presence in poultry houses and birds. Much work is done to improve the control of this infection, through hygiene, biosecurity, antibiotics or competitive exclusion products.
Mycoplasmosis
This disease is caused by Mycoplasma spp., which are neither viruses nor bacteria. The most significant Mycoplasma species in poultry production are M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. meleagridis, M. iowae. These diseases are widely spread all over the world and have a major economic significance, even if no public health importance. Hygiene and antibiotherapy, together with slaughter of some infected breeder flocks help towards the control of this disease.
Subcategories of Mycoplasmosis
M. Gallisepticum
MG infection is commonly designated as chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chickens and infectious sinusitis of turkeys. The disease has a long course and symptoms appear slowly.They include respiratory rales, coughing, nasal discharge, sinusitis with sinus swelling in turkeys. The infection is often complicated by E. coli.
M.Synoviae
This often causes a subclinical upper respiratory infection or, when systemic, infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys.
M. Meleagridis
A special pathogen for turkeys. It is immuno-suppressive and induces clinical signs such as airsacculitis, skeletal abnormalities and poor growth performance. It can be associated with other Mycoplasma or pathogens.
M. Iowae
This is an important disease at the turkey breeders' level, as it causes reduction of hatchability as well as embryo mortality.
Erysipelas
This is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a Gram positive bacteria. Turkeys are affected mostly, especially in backyard or free-range stocks. Erysipeloid in humans in contact with infected birds can occur. In chickens, clinical signs are mainly weakness, depression, diarrhoea and sudden death. In turkeys, sudden death, swollen snood and dewlap, weakness and anaemia. Antibiotics active against Gram positive bacteria (e.g. penicillin) can treat the disease successfully.
Clostridial disease
These are caused by some Clostridium, which are Gram positive bacteria. C. colinum causes ulcerative enteritis, C. perfringens causes necrotic enteritis or gangrenous dermatitis, C. botulinum causes botulism, C. septicum causes gangrenous dermatitis. These diseases are not always easy to manage, even with appropriate antibiotics. Avian botulism is usually manifested by paralysis of various muscles and its public health significance is minimal.
Staphylococcosis
This is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram positive bacteria, which is mostly present in joints or skin. It is a possible source of infection for humans. When ill, birds have ruffled feathers, difficulties in walking and fever. Gangrenous dermatitis can also be induced by S. aureus infection. Antibiotics can treat this infection successfully.
Steptococcosis
Streptococcus, a Gram positive bacteria, is a normal inhabitant of the avian intestinal flora, but can sometimes cause acute or chronic infections, with ensuing mortality. In the acute form, depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea and death can occur. In the chronic form, depression, loss of weight and head tremors can occur. Together with good management, antibiotics can treat successfully the disease, especially in its early stages.
Bacterial infections
Colibacacillosis
Escherichia coli are Gram negative bacteria, normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract of birds. Pathogenic strains can cause diseases such as air sac disease, salpingitis, omphalitis, etc. alone or in combination with other pathogenic agents (viruses, Mycoplasma). Colibacillosis, and especially its respiratory form is of major importance in poultry production, as it can cause severe economic losses with mortality, loss of egg production or impaired growth. This disease can be treated by antimicrobials effective against Gram negative bacteria.
Pasteurellosis
This disease is caused by Pasteurella, which are Gram negative bacteria. Different types of Pasteurella can cause diseases. The most important ones are P. multocida (fowl cholera), P. anatipestifer and P. haemolytica.
These types can infect chickens, turkeys, ducks and other birds species. Mortality can be high, especially in older birds; the difficulty is that symptoms appear usually only briefly before death. Symptoms are anorexia, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea, and respiratory difficulties. A chronic form can also occur, with secondary localizations (joints, foot pads, sternal bursae). Hyperaemia occurs in the acute form, more localised lesions appear in the chronic one (Pneumonia in turkeys, etc.). Antimicrobials and vaccines are available to treat and prevent the disease. Strict hygienic procedures must be undertaken to eliminate Pasteurella organisms from a contaminated poultry house.
Bordetllosis
This is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease in poultry (especially in turkeys), caused by Bordetella avium (a Gram negative bacteria). It can be complicated by Escherichia coli and then cause severe economic losses. Bordetella alone causes sneezing, oculonasal discharge, mouth breathing, stunted growth and predisposes to other infections. Antibiotic treatments plus strict biosecurity measures help the treatment and control of the disease.
Infectious Coryza
This is an acute respiratory disease, caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum. It can occur in growing chickens and layers, causing increased numbers of culls and marked reduction (10-40%) in egg production. All ages are susceptible, chronic and healthy carrier birds can serve as a reservoir for the infection. Symptoms are mostly nasal discharge, facial oedema and conjunctivitis, growth impairment and loss in egg production. Vaccination and antibiotics can be used to prevent or treat this infection.
Tuberculosis
This is caused by Mycobacterium avium, a Gram positive bacteria. It is a chronic disease, and causes economic losses by decreased egg production and death. It is not a common disease in modern poultry farms. All bird species can be infected. The birds appear depressed, lose weight, pectoral muscles are often atrophied, feathers have a ruffled appearance; affected birds die within a few months or survive. Antimicrobials are not often used (long treatments are required). Biosecurity hygiene and vaccination can help towards disease control.
Salmonellosis
Avian Salmonellosis is a large group of acute or chronic diseases caused by Salmonella (Gram negative bacteria, more that 2000 serotypes are known). Besides some specific types of Salmonella (S. gallinarum pullorum, S. arizona) which cause particular diseases in birds, numbers of paratyphoid serotypes are common to birds and to other animal species. These serotypes can cause diseases, especially in young birds (e.g. S. typhimurium), but are more often carried by birds not manifesting any symptoms. This fact is of major public health significance, as poultry meat and eggs are possible sources of food-borne Salmonellosis in humans. Salmonella are very resistant in the environment and complex globalised control programmes must be implemented to control Salmonella spread. Authorities and poultry producers make a priority of this control, which involves complementary measures such as compulsory slaughter, monitoring, antibiotics, feed pelleting, competitive exclusion products and, of course, hygiene.
Campylobacteriosis
This disease is caused by members of the genus Campylobacter, especially C. jejuni, C. coli and C. laridis, which are Gram negative bacteria. This disease is of public health importance, as Campylobacter can cause serious disease in humans. Campylobacteriosis in humans is a food-borne disease and poultry meats are possible carriers. Campylobacter usually induces depression and diarrhoea, or even mortality. It is difficult to eradicate Campylobacter presence in poultry houses and birds. Much work is done to improve the control of this infection, through hygiene, biosecurity, antibiotics or competitive exclusion products.
Mycoplasmosis
This disease is caused by Mycoplasma spp., which are neither viruses nor bacteria. The most significant Mycoplasma species in poultry production are M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. meleagridis, M. iowae. These diseases are widely spread all over the world and have a major economic significance, even if no public health importance. Hygiene and antibiotherapy, together with slaughter of some infected breeder flocks help towards the control of this disease.
Subcategories of Mycoplasmosis
M. Gallisepticum
MG infection is commonly designated as chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chickens and infectious sinusitis of turkeys. The disease has a long course and symptoms appear slowly.They include respiratory rales, coughing, nasal discharge, sinusitis with sinus swelling in turkeys. The infection is often complicated by E. coli.
M.Synoviae
This often causes a subclinical upper respiratory infection or, when systemic, infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys.
M. Meleagridis
A special pathogen for turkeys. It is immuno-suppressive and induces clinical signs such as airsacculitis, skeletal abnormalities and poor growth performance. It can be associated with other Mycoplasma or pathogens.
M. Iowae
This is an important disease at the turkey breeders' level, as it causes reduction of hatchability as well as embryo mortality.
Erysipelas
This is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a Gram positive bacteria. Turkeys are affected mostly, especially in backyard or free-range stocks. Erysipeloid in humans in contact with infected birds can occur. In chickens, clinical signs are mainly weakness, depression, diarrhoea and sudden death. In turkeys, sudden death, swollen snood and dewlap, weakness and anaemia. Antibiotics active against Gram positive bacteria (e.g. penicillin) can treat the disease successfully.
Clostridial disease
These are caused by some Clostridium, which are Gram positive bacteria. C. colinum causes ulcerative enteritis, C. perfringens causes necrotic enteritis or gangrenous dermatitis, C. botulinum causes botulism, C. septicum causes gangrenous dermatitis. These diseases are not always easy to manage, even with appropriate antibiotics. Avian botulism is usually manifested by paralysis of various muscles and its public health significance is minimal.
Staphylococcosis
This is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram positive bacteria, which is mostly present in joints or skin. It is a possible source of infection for humans. When ill, birds have ruffled feathers, difficulties in walking and fever. Gangrenous dermatitis can also be induced by S. aureus infection. Antibiotics can treat this infection successfully.
Steptococcosis
Streptococcus, a Gram positive bacteria, is a normal inhabitant of the avian intestinal flora, but can sometimes cause acute or chronic infections, with ensuing mortality. In the acute form, depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea and death can occur. In the chronic form, depression, loss of weight and head tremors can occur. Together with good management, antibiotics can treat successfully the disease, especially in its early stages.
Fungal and parasitic infections endoparasites
Nematodes
Description
These represent the most important group of helminth parasites of poultry. Classification is difficult, but there are approximately 25 families of nematodes in avian species. They can have direct cycles (and hence infest the final host directly) or indirect cycles. In the latter case, the intermediate hosts are usually beetles or cockroaches. Nematodes can be located in the digestive or respiratory tract, and even in the eye, body cavities or subcutaneous tissues.
Symptoms
Digestive tract - malnutritions, emaciation, anaemia, death, local digestive tissue reactions. Respiratory tract - respiratory distress, weakness, emaciation, death. Eye - ophtalmia, eye inflammation.
Cestodes
Description
Birds confined within poultry houses are seldom infected by these parasites, which are more prevalent in free-range birds or those in backyard flocks. Intermediate hosts are usually beetles and houseflies, but can be other insects or crustacea, earthworms, slugs, snails, or leeches. Birds become infected by eating an intermediate host, which transmits a larval stage of the tapeworms to the intestine of the definitive host.
Symptoms
The cestods vary in their intestinal localisation and the severity of the symptoms is hence variable - from slight disturbances (impairment of growth rate, weakness) to death.
Control
Control usually involves elimination of the intermediate host. Good flock management and elementary hygiene measures often constitute the most efficient control measures.
Trematodes
Description
These differ from cestodes in having a digestive system and no separate proglottids. For birds trematodes, the intermediate host is a mollusc - there is often a second intermediate host. Trematodes can invade almost every cavity and tissue of birds.
Symptoms
Many organs can be infested: eye, oviduct, skin, liver, circulatory system.
Control
Poultry management is vital.
Nematodes
Description
These represent the most important group of helminth parasites of poultry. Classification is difficult, but there are approximately 25 families of nematodes in avian species. They can have direct cycles (and hence infest the final host directly) or indirect cycles. In the latter case, the intermediate hosts are usually beetles or cockroaches. Nematodes can be located in the digestive or respiratory tract, and even in the eye, body cavities or subcutaneous tissues.
Symptoms
Digestive tract - malnutritions, emaciation, anaemia, death, local digestive tissue reactions. Respiratory tract - respiratory distress, weakness, emaciation, death. Eye - ophtalmia, eye inflammation.
Cestodes
Description
Birds confined within poultry houses are seldom infected by these parasites, which are more prevalent in free-range birds or those in backyard flocks. Intermediate hosts are usually beetles and houseflies, but can be other insects or crustacea, earthworms, slugs, snails, or leeches. Birds become infected by eating an intermediate host, which transmits a larval stage of the tapeworms to the intestine of the definitive host.
Symptoms
The cestods vary in their intestinal localisation and the severity of the symptoms is hence variable - from slight disturbances (impairment of growth rate, weakness) to death.
Control
Control usually involves elimination of the intermediate host. Good flock management and elementary hygiene measures often constitute the most efficient control measures.
Trematodes
Description
These differ from cestodes in having a digestive system and no separate proglottids. For birds trematodes, the intermediate host is a mollusc - there is often a second intermediate host. Trematodes can invade almost every cavity and tissue of birds.
Symptoms
Many organs can be infested: eye, oviduct, skin, liver, circulatory system.
Control
Poultry management is vital.
This is where that suff came from:
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/gemp/avis/poult-over/tools/tools.html
-Kathy
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/gemp/avis/poult-over/tools/tools.html
-Kathy
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