Depends on the weather. They can be brought out at a week, though only for a little bit as they'll get cold, and will probably be scared anyways. They can stay out once they are fully feathered, which is around 6-8 weeks.
I'd say around 8 weeks for chick starter. Before you make your own food, I'd give them grower and make food when they are laying. Grower feed has more protein for when the chicks are growing feathers.
They should have separate ones, sometimes chickens don't like to hear with each other, or use one box when you have several, but it's best to give options or they may lay elsewhere.
Anything can work, some people cut into buckets, others use wood. Personal preference generally, depending on...
It's no problem, ask away!
http://www.hobbyfarms.com/7-coop-bedding-materials-and-how-to-choose-the-right-one-3/
I use shavings as it smells nicer and is less messy in my opinion. There really is no such thing as a 'self cleaning coop', just ones with less maintenance.
My nesting boxes are in the coop. I wish they were built on the outside as its easier to collect eggs, though when building a coo p, it can be a bit harder to make so it's secure, at least for me. My coop is also heavily insulated for the winters, so with those it'd be less insulated. Also, when...
I assume it's a lot warmer in California than here, and as its spring, I don't see a problem with them going outside as soon as they are fully feathered at around 7 weeks. Keeping them inside for that while will get smelly.
Also, be sure to check out the learning center...
They are a friendly breed, I've had one before.
I don't keep my food and water in the coop, I would say that's fine as long as they can get it in the day.
I'm not sure how much you've researched, but as chicks you'll need a brooder area, heat lamp, and chick food. Chicks need heat until...
Ah, than that's plenty of space! Also, some people recommend to start with three chickens, in case one dies so the other isn't lonely.
If you get them as chicks, they just need chick starter till they are 10 weeks, then they need grower food till they are maybe 18 weeks which you then start...