How Do They Know the Difference?

SwampPrincessChick

Crowing
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Oct 30, 2022
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The Swamp
Hello, everyone. I have a question regarding how chickens can tell the difference of noises that are seemingly almost exactly the same. Practically everyone who studies birds, or at least watches the birds by their feeder, knows that jays happen to be aggressive and they will chase off any others who are trying to get a snack; blue jays are known for their mimicry, often mimicking the calls of a hawk in order to scare other birds and scatter them at the feeder so the blue jay is left alone to feast upon the seeds, until another bird shows up in an attempt to feed as well. The hawk mimic call is so perfectly done by the blue jay that, when made by an experienced jay (as the younger ones trying to figure out how to mimic will often sound more high-pitched), it can trick anyone into listening more closely in order to identify who is really producing the call.

Except the chickens. Both jays and hawks frequent my area, with the former being a lot more commonly present closer to the backyard. As you can assume, I happen to hear blue jays doing hawk mimic calls a lot-and, like I stated above, if it is an experienced jay, I have to hear the call a few times before deciding whether it really is a jay or not. But, I have noticed that my chickens will never do the same thing. When my chickens hear a real hawk, they will tilt their head and stare up into the sky, while doing a quiet warning call, and the males will often tell the females to take cover if they hawk is close. When my chickens hear a blue jay mimicking a hawk, no matter how hawk-like the sound is, they take absolutely no notice of it and continue doing whatever they are doing.

Because of this, I began thinking about how I can see if my chickens can also tell the difference of real or online sounds. As a result, I took my phone outside and played calls from the red-shouldered hawk, the species that has made its territory close to my house. I used the calls from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's website, if you are wondering. The noises coming from my phone did not bother them a bit, even though they came from a real hawk.

I found all of this strange. How can chickens tell the difference of a blue jay's mimicry from a real hawk when they sound almost exactly alike, and how do they know to not fear a hawk sound coming from a phone, but they take shelter and do warning calls when a real hawk is nearby?
 
I would think birds use visual clues as well. So if they look toward the sound and see you with a phone or a blue jay they are far less likely to scram.
"Is that a hawk?!"
"Nah. The giant bald thing has their toy out making sounds again"
"Oh. Phew. Okay. They need a new hobby. Always on it. They should try worms. That's a good hobby to have"


Don't mind me. 😅😂🤣
 
I think it's a mix of these things, with hearing being the primary way. The ability to differentiate sounds is innate, but as far as using said ability, it takes practice and observation from older birds
If I lived outside and had to worry about birds of prey swooping down and killing me, I suppose I would have the ability to differentiate sounds as well.
 
A sound coming out of a phone sounds very different from the same sound coming straight from the source. Can you fool any human that a sound of your voice coming out of a phone is the same thing as you standing next to them talking? Everybody can tell it's coming from a phone - the phone's speaker distorts the sound and the quality is just different. The same goes for animals. It just doesn't sound like the real thing, and they can tell.

As for real hawk vs. mimicked sound, think about human accents. How well can an outsider distinguish two accents on the same language? If you are an American who speaks no other languages, can you tell a native Colombian's Spanish from somebody non-native who's fluent and speaks the language nearly perfectly? Probably not. If you spend enough time with both, you can learn to tell the "real" one, even if you still don't know what they're saying. And to the average American they will still sound the exact same. But would it be so surprising that a Venezuelan speaker can tell them apart without even trying? They have a leg up on you already - they're in the in-group and better positioned to hear the nuances. You are not. Same with your example - chickens are birds, who are naturally attuned to hear and distinguish other birds' calls and thus already better than you by default. You can learn to tell some sounds from others, through practice, but you are starting from an outsider's position. So of course they'd be better at this.
 
Hearing! Different species have the ability to hear sounds in ranges we can't, and chickens are certainly motivated to care about raptor calls. There may or may not be research showing chicken's hearing abilities, I don't know.
Mary
Very good explanation, I didn't think about that! If chickens can see in ranges that no human can, then they could most likely also hear in ranges that humans can't.

I would think birds use visual clues as well. So if they look toward the sound and see you with a phone or a blue jay they are far less likely to scram.
That makes sense!
 

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