Humidity plays a big part...even with lots of ventilation, it's hard (impossible) to get rid of.
I think its darn near unavoidable, at least where I live, unless you have full on HVAC controlled coop.....
......or are willing to heat free flowing air, which I am not.
I've had several seemingly serious bouts with frostbite, big black patches on wattles and comb tips.
Never had anything more than a day or so of swelling, on only on the worst (drinking drips on the roosters),
I left my hands off it but a close eye on it and had no infection.
I think its darn near unavoidable, at least where I live, unless you have full on HVAC controlled coop.....
......or are willing to heat free flowing air, which I am not.
I've had several seemingly serious bouts with frostbite, big black patches on wattles and comb tips.
Never had anything more than a day or so of swelling, on only on the worst (drinking drips on the roosters),
I left my hands off it but a close eye on it and had no infection.