thank you. Very helpful information. I like how your waterer is set up.I use very hard well water too and haven't had issues as of yet, time will tell. I also bypass the water softener. Everyone says horizontal nipples are great for winter, I've not used them so I can't say if they drip or not. I will try sourcing some cheaply before the deep freeze starts, if my heated waterer doesn't keep them warm enough, they will freeze for sure. I've already had -2℃ some nights and the cold isn't even here yet.About your other question about how I attached the jug. My waterer was up against the coop wall so I only had to screw the jug to the wall aswell, about 4 inches below. The only reason I changed the way I watered is to make it easier for me. My coop is small and the small door I used to access the waterer is now inside a covered run I made for the coming winter. So I made a new one and moved it into the covered run. The bucket handle hangs from two bent L brackets I screwed to a 2x3. Those two panels stop the chickens from standing on the waterer. It's easy to refill and stays clean of poo.