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if there are no birds living inside the parrot cage, you can just prop the door open and fill the bottom with a layer of newspaper or straw and pine shavings on top.

yeah, keeping it too wet makes it go anaerobic and create Sulphur producing bacteria. And trust me, when something goes anaerob-you can tell! (Rotten eggs when it's disturbed.) It's similar to how you water plants, you want it moist but not soggy, so it's best to have a well drained...

that's also when the only thing that can live are the good "bugs" right? Mold and such can't thrive because it's so cold?

I'm Louisiana, it is very humid, adding humidity to the air (the coop substrate) will just make it more muggy. You're better off buying them a big fan to put in the coop, or outside a window to the coop.

it can cause organ failure (can't remember if it's live or kidneys or???

it's zeolite.

I wouldn't use aspen, it very quickly molds under moist conditions like a bunch of breathing and pooping, sleeping chickens.

it can freeze, just like moist deep litter.

let the grass dry in a thin layer to prevent molding before adding it to your run.

it's when it's chopped up, not the trees themselves.

Cedar is toxic to chickens. I'd rather not risk it.

that's how I'm keeping my sand and gravel from becoming one layer, lol.

you can always use landscaping cloth.

so many things in my life are like this!

they are the WORST to rake! Hate it, give me good old fashioned tree leaves any day!

and the paper industry. Imagine all the trees that would not need to be cut if people used hemp (stronger and more durable paper...I believe the Declaration of Independence was written on hemp parchment.

hemp has natural antibacterial and anti fungal properties. Imagine the the revenue from industrial hemp in the pet/livestock industries! And it's a renewable resource. Textiles. That's how America became great on agriculture. Anyway, as is...it's probably too expensive because all hemp textiles...

Straw and hay are prone to mold so I recommend against them. Pine has certain antibacterial properties and is not as prone to mold. Hay and straw stored the wrong way already is infected with mold spores.

well, chickens are practically ducks and ponds are practically aquariums, so I think we're in bounds here lol. Again, sorry OP! I couldn't help myself with the humor!

So sand can grow both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Lol. not talking chickens here Really you would want your sand deep enough that it does create a deep sand bed so the top has aerobic and deep down it has the anaerobic which is denitrifying ("eats" nitrates). But that's for another board...