I live where it gets close to 0 degrees and sometimes below I made a water heater out of a tin oil drain pan.I mounted a 100 watt bulb through the side and mounted the pan upside down to a 15" tire I set the steel waterer on the pan it works very good. and also I made a feeder out of a 55 gallon...
I got my nipples from EBAY 10 nipples for $5.88 free shipping I purchaced 30 screw in nipples for $17.64 I am going to set them up in my coop and brooder coop I have to wait till it warms up but I will let you know how they work