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How do you tell if the light bulb has burnt out, other than seeing frozen water? Every once in a while I peek under the tin lid - but the block is warm to the touch. I'm using a 40 W halogen bulb now. Keeps the chill out of the coop too.

In engineering speak - there needs to be "thermal mass" to hold the heat. The tin warmers can't concentrate enough focused heat to keep the water ice free. Here is an inexpensive alternative to the cookie tin heater: I made a coop water heater that seems to be working very well. Today it is...