Can you get a closeup picture of the mites that you do see? Do they have 8 legs. Mites reproduce very quickly, so maybe the bug you are seeing is not a mite.
Mites can make them anemic and die, so I would get some permethrin garden and poultry dust at your feed store and dust them all over once and again in 7 days, and possibly in 14 days. Permethrin spray can be used to treat the coop, nests, and roosts after removing all bedding far away, and...
Can you feel an egg or anything with a finger when you insert it into the vent, to feel for a stuck egg? Unfortunately it is hard to know what the mass is for sure. We learn a lot after death when we can perform a home necropsy and look at the abdominal organs.
It might be a tumor or cyst. Hard to know for sure. Feather cysts from ingrown feathers are common, but that looks very large. Can you push on it to see it it goes inside, such as a hernia would?