Females, especially older ones, are the best at teaching young cockerels manners as they grow older and often chase them off. I will never forget how my young Buff-Laced Polish cockerel, Winter, saw my four-year-old California Gray hen, Fan-Tail, pecking around in the pen she had walked in...
They are for sure all cockerels. The barred one could be an odd-looking pullet but I would lean more on the cockerel side due to a few important things. Let me show you.
You are right that your cockerels might hurt the hens and pullets because you do not have a correct ratio, but you don't...
Your cockerel has developing sickle feathers. His wing bows are also a sign, because only males will have wing bows that are red when no other part of the body is red. It's gender dimorphism.