Oh, you asked about KINDS too
I've had a flock of Toulouse, who prowled the grounds, some of the ganders were pretty aggressive. I've heard African geese and Embdens are the biggest geese and the most aggressive geese in general. There are exceptions in individual geese, of course.
A goose may protect the chickens from YOU. Egg gathering may get complicated.
A supposedly NONaggressive breed of geese are the Pilgrims, American buffs, and I *think* Chinese (who are very very loud). They will still sound off and are big enough to deter hawks and cats and smaller dogs, and are more mellow.
I have two American goslings now and see a difference already, they are less aggressive, they don't pick fights with my dog the way the Toulouse did. Yet, anyway.
Don't overthink it too much, you can't protect your chickens completely with anything but a guardian dog or a predator proof pen. Geese will add a layer of protection because they make a lot of noise at intruders, but can't stop them.