I don't know how long it takes a quail egg to go through the quail's internal egg laying factory. With chickens, it takes about 25 hours from start to finish. A chicken egg can only be fertilized the first 15 minutes of that process.
If a chicken rooster breeds a a hen on Monday, Monday's egg will not be fertile. Depending on the time of day the chicken rooster and hen mated on Monday and if Tuesday's egg had already started its journey, Tuesday's egg may or may not be fertile. I would not count on it. Wednesday's egg will almost certainly be fertile if the mating was successful. As Coverleaf said, not all hens may get mated the day you put a rooster in with them, whether it is chickens or quail.
This is chickens and you are talking about quail, so I don't know how much difference there is.