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Saw hen come out from under our canoe and tipped it over and found 10 eggs. Should I toss or are they safe to eat? One was fresh but I'm not sure how long the other have been there.
I would start by sniffing each egg. If it smells bad, you do not want to eat that egg, and you can toss it without doing any more complicated tests.
You can float test each egg in a bowl of water. Any that float are pretty old, so you probably do not want to eat them. Ones that sink are fresh enough, but you should check in other ways before actually eating them (crack one egg into a bowl, look and sniff, then if it seems fine you can cook & eat it.)
You could try candling, either instead of float testing, or in addition. To candle, take the eggs into a dark room (like a closet or bathroom with no window and a closed door.) Shine a bright flashlight through the egg, or a cell phone light through the egg.
When you candle, compare the with an egg you know is good (mark that egg so you don't get them mixed up.) The eggs have an air cell at the big end, and liight goes through that very easily. A fresh egg has a small air cell, and older egg has a larger air cell, a very egg has such a large air cell the whole egg will float in water. If the eggs have chicks developing in them, you might see a bunch of veins (it can look rather like a spider), or a big dark lump in the middle of the egg. If it is almost ready to hatch, the egg will be almost completely full of chick (too dark to see through), with a big air cell at the big end.
If an egg sinks in water, and/or it looks fine when you candle it, you should still crack it into a bowl and look & sniff before cooking it. That is a good idea even with eggs you do know to be fresh.
From what you said, they are probably fresh enough that you don't really have to bother with float testing or candling, but can just sniff each egg and then crack it into a bowl to make sure it's okay before cooking it.