My birds have always free-ranged, I now have 40, 11 at laying, 10 due to lay anytime now, and 19 due to lay early May.
They get their feed in the morning, first light, usually around 5.30am here at the moment, about 6.00am I let them out and they are out all day. They do come back on their own, but what I now do is, about 4 /4.30ish I take the feed bucket in along with any scraps I have saved during the day. I bang the feed bucket (like a drum) and they do recognise this, any that are still out come running like they have never been fed in their lives. I put their feed in the feeder and scatter their scraps in the pen. At about 6.30/7ish it dark they are in the coop roosting, I do a head count and lock them up for the night. It works for me.
With regard to hawks, I don't think you can stop them with free-ranging birds. I find my dogs go mad barking if there is a hawk or vulture flying around, and that usually scare them off, but that is just luck.
I have lost of of the laying hens (I used to have 12). It didn't come back one night. I searched and searched but couldn't find it, but there was no sign of it having been attacked, no feathers or anything, so I don't know.
They get their feed in the morning, first light, usually around 5.30am here at the moment, about 6.00am I let them out and they are out all day. They do come back on their own, but what I now do is, about 4 /4.30ish I take the feed bucket in along with any scraps I have saved during the day. I bang the feed bucket (like a drum) and they do recognise this, any that are still out come running like they have never been fed in their lives. I put their feed in the feeder and scatter their scraps in the pen. At about 6.30/7ish it dark they are in the coop roosting, I do a head count and lock them up for the night. It works for me.
With regard to hawks, I don't think you can stop them with free-ranging birds. I find my dogs go mad barking if there is a hawk or vulture flying around, and that usually scare them off, but that is just luck.
I have lost of of the laying hens (I used to have 12). It didn't come back one night. I searched and searched but couldn't find it, but there was no sign of it having been attacked, no feathers or anything, so I don't know.