Quote: Look like pullets to me too......if they were male they'd be crowing by 6 months old.
Females are called pullets until one year of age, then they are called hens.
Males are called cockerels until one year of age, then they are called cocks, cockbirds or roosters.
Onset of lay is on average 18-24 weeks, but some take longer to start laying.
Signs of onset of lay---I've found the pelvic points to be the most accurate.
Squatting:
If you touch their back they will hunker down on the ground, then shake their tail feathers when they get back up.
This shows they are sexually mature and egg laying is close at hand.
Combs and Wattles:
Plump, shiny red - usually means laying.
Shriveled, dryish looking and pale - usually means not laying.
Tho I have found that the combs and wattles can look full and red one minute then pale back out the next due to exertion or excitement, can drive ya nuts when waiting for a pullet to lay!
2 bony points on either side of vent:
Less than 2 fingertip widths apart usually means not laying.
More than 2 fingertip widths apart usually means laying.