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It completely depends on the species. A niche that I promote is preservation of pure, wild species in aviculture - The order of Galliformes (the order of birds that includes pheasants, peafowl, francolin, partridge, quail, grouse, turkey, guineafowl and cracids - more commonly referred to as game birds) is hit with the stigma of "game", yet many species are closer to extinction than the popular "mega" species, but are largely ignored by zoos and most aviculturists. gbwf.org promotes responsible animal ownership and conservation through aviculture. gbwf.org is NOT a hunting organization and we do NOT promote rearing of Galliformes for consumption. gbwf.org is dedicated to the preservation of this order through captive breeding and conservation initiatives. Our aviaries may be the last sanctuary for a number of these species.
As Guitartists mentioned, there are a large number who keep Bobwhite, Chukar and Ringneck Pheasants for sporting purposes. However, it seems that all pheasants, partridge and quail get attached in that same stigma.
Species that have been known to free range are Golden Pheasants, Amherst Pheasants, Silver Pheasants and Blue Eared-Pheasants.
Dan