You might be able to get the doves to hatch the egg, but I think the chick will die pretty quickly if you don't remove it when it's hatched. The doves might try to feed it, I don't know - could be they'll just toss it from the nest. But if the chick can get out of the nest, it probably will, and then it'll get cold and die. And if it can't, well, it still needs to eat and drink and not the way the doves will try to feed it. And if you were to remove it from the doves right after it's hatched, you'll have a lot of trouble for just one chick - provided the egg even hatches - and they usually do best when several chicks are together.
So, to sum up - I don't think you need to worry about imprinting at all, as the chick will probably die if you leave it with the doves for so long that it will actually remember it as an adult.