Quote: Here is a QUOTE from your post
plus could cause some hatching issues, like deformity, I have seen chicks born with missing eyes, missing beaks, one leg shorter than the other, over grown heads, crooked beaks all because they were not turned properly the number of times.
They are not caused by not turning eggs. That is not listed as an option. Deformities like missing an eye, cross beak, splayed legs, no skull, strange legs ALL are genetic. If you read from the link it will tell you the issues with improper turning..... like hatching upside down or an inability to hatch..... I have that happen maybe 5% of the time..... I think that is about normal for eggs, even when I turn 6 times a day.
https://www.backyardchickens.com/a/...malpositions-and-deformities-in-chick-embryos
Copied from the above link
Beak abnormalities, such as crossed beak, parrot beak, or short upper beak, which can be a result of genetic traits, poor hen nutrition, exposure to pesticides, hatching eggs exposed to near freezing temperatures.
Small or missing eye(s),
which is normally a result of high temperature during incubation, especially during the early stages.
(I AM ADDING it is genetic too)
Exposed brain,
which is normally a result of high temperature or prolonged heat spikes during the early stages of incubation.
(I AM ADDING it is genetic too, humans are born this way too)
Intestines outside of abdomen,
which can be a result of high temperature during mid-incubation, or hatching eggs exposed to near freezing temperatures.
(GENETIC TOO humans do this too)
Crooked (wry) neck,
which can be either an inherited genetic trait, or a result of poor breeder nutrition
Crooked toes,
foot and leg problems, which can be a result of excessive in-breeding, poor breeder nutrition, or an inherited genetic trait.
END QUOTE from link
My personal experience has been when I see these issues it is GENETIC and when I change birds it goes away, like the example I gave earlier. It was one hen and cock and when I took her out and put her with another cock it STOPPED. I didn't change anything and it just stopped because it was genetic. NOT always caused by genetics but it is never caused by not turning eggs.
AGAIN I AM NOT ADVOCATING TURNING YOUR EGGS ONCE A DAY. I don't have a choice right now.
If you would like to read more about turning eggs here is a study. Interesting read. I do turn mine 45 degrees so that is a good thing. It says turning 96 times a day is optimal LOL.... I would like to see a hen do that to each eggs.
http://japr.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/3/447.full
What I have done has been over years of working with chickens. It works for me right now. for anyone NEW PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE research research research before you decide what you are going to do. There are a lot of myths/half truths/or just wrong info out there. Find your information from a trusted source. IT is always trial and error and do what works for you. BUT they are JUST CHICKENS and don't need a lot of fussing over.... REALLY!