My dog avoids the wires, hot or not.
The fence has been off since we cut down the tree in March, and she only went outside of the yard where I had taken the wires down to drive the truck through.
She once stuck her nose on the wire while I was working on it hot ---- so now she's not even brave...
I kinda like the fact that the wires are hard to see, makes it look less junky IMO - but I live in a subdivision not in the woods. I put a few random pieces of surveyors tape on it - so I can see it at night.
Believe me, your dog will KNOW where the boundaries are, just like some learn to...
Well I don't use joules, but anyway.
My dog will respect as low as ~2000 volts, or 2.0 kv which is relatively low for predator-deterrence. However it is also high enough to fry squirrels and wild birds who touch a grounded fence and the hot wire at the same time but it doesn't really hurt me or...