A puzzle, indeed. You don't mention when she reached point of lay. The sudden aggression often can involve hormones. Hormones settle down once a pullet begins to lay. Where they may have been mistrustful and skittish before, they noticeably become calmer, more trusting and friendly after they've been laying for a few weeks. I don't see why the reverse couldn't also occur.
Genetics gets into the act, too. Combined with hormones, they may trigger aggressive behaviors. Having you gone on that trip can trigger stress, returning can trigger stress again as you reappear. Stress can play a role in aggression.
Those are the causes of aggression. The cures are a bit more complex, that is, if there is such a thing as a cure. Taking measures to calm the flock, in particular, this hen, can help. Reduce noise levels and surrounding activity and traffic. Stop or reduce the amount of carbs they get in the form of treats aside from regular feed. Be sure they have complete dark at night, no moving light sources or bright overhead lights.
One thing I've read is giving Tryptophan to an aggressive chicken in their food can lower aggressive behavior, but I haven't tried it yet, though I intend to try it on my feather pickers as the behavior ramps up next spring.