I change entire volume daily. In early AM I go through yard dumping all waterers out, then I go back through and refill with fresh water. It is good excersize but requires multiple trips.More like 7 or 8 drops per gallon...there's a calculator here: http://www.csgnetwork.com/h2oemergencypurifycalc.html
If you can put the waterer out of sunlight that will help. We use a 3 gallon Igloo water cooler with the brite tap system...keeps the water very clean (and we change it out every two days)