I've had my babies for two weeks, so this is still very new to me. We have a large plastic tub that we lined with plain, white paper toweling for the first two days. I read somewhere on the website that at first they will try to eat the pine shavings. I don't know whether this is accurate; I just followed the advice. After that, I put down pine shavings. I got frustrated because the pine shavings got all in their feeder and waterer. I tried putting in less shavings, but they were still making a mess in there (three babies, and I cleaned up twice a day). Now I put down a layer of newspaper, covered by pine shavings. When it's time to clean I just pick up the newspaper and dump the shavings and poop into the compost bin. I also put a 1 inch landscape stone under the waterer and they are getting few pine shavings in there. It's working for us so far! We are having so much fun with our little girls!