I use horizontal nipples for my waterers. I use gamma lids for all my waterers and feeders. It makes it real easy to take the lids on and off. First one is a five gallon, second one is my brooder waterer. You can buy the horizontal nipples from amazon. If you use these, drill an 11/32 hole and screw the nipple in leaving 2 - 3 threads showing, like in the third picture. Do not screw them all the way in. Using the nipples keeps your water clean 24/7.