Quote: The pumpkin Cucurbita moschata is an annual dicotyledonous vegetable, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is used as a medicinal plant for prostate and bladder problems, and as an anthelmintic, galactogogue, and anti-emetic. Pumpkin seed is used as a vermifuge in several countries, and C. moschata seed contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, some of which could possess anthelmintic properties, prompting experimental studies. This chapter reviews the experimental data on the anthelmintic evaluation of C. moschata seed.
This chapter outlines the pharmacological actions and potential uses of pumpkin and its extracts. Pumpkin seed oil contains 9.5-13% palmitic, 6-7.93% stearic, 0.04% arachidic, 37-39% oleic, and 44% linoleic acid. The seed also contains a wide range of bioactive compounds. The aqueous extract of the seeds of C. moschata showed efficacy as an anthelmintic in humans. The use of aqueous extracts of pumpkin seeds in the treatment of puppies experimentally infected with heterophyasis gave promising results, with even better results when combining extracts of areca nut and pumpkin seeds than when giving either extract alone. The secondary metabolites suspected to be responsible for anthelmintic activity in C. moschata seed are a triterpenic compound named cucurbitacin B, a non-proteic amino acid named cucurbitin, saponins, and sterols. The non-proteic amino acid cucurbitin, which is only present in the seeds, has been focused on as the active principle responsible for anthelmintic, notably taenicidal and schistosomicidal, activity. Cucurbitin is also used as an anti-allergen for the preparation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, particularly dermatological, products. Despite the focus on cucurbitin as the active principle, other secondary metabolites present in the seeds of C. moschata might also be considered as anthelmintics. The non-proteic amino acid cucurbitin (3-amino-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid) is suspected to be the active principle. Cucurbitin was mostly reported to have no side effects, and only a weak level of toxicity was described in dogs and humans.