The name is "Deep Litter", so any kind of leaf litter, pine shavings, sticks, dried grass clippings, straw, chopped up veggies and any vegetation that is non-poisonous to chickens and as long as it's not wet. Wet is the main downfall of the deep litter method it should only be slightly damp so ventilation is vital in a successful litter.
It is natural for fowls to scratch and turn over litter so doing it your self is not required, if you notice poo building up and the hens not doing their job them just chuck some scratch or feed over the litter and they will get to work.
After a couple of moths the leaf litter and chicken poo will have made a wonderful compost which can be collected at any time(when ever you need it) to be put on veggie patches, gardens or sold.
A dirt flood is recommended but concrete or brick will do.
Litter should be around 20-25 cm thick as a start.
The hens should enjoy dust bathing in the litter which helps beat lice and other parasites so all in all it's a fantastic ideas in my eyes.