I use pine shavings on top of the dirt in the pens. Some food grade DE. They dig holes and have several dust bath paces. Inside the plastic playhouse coop, as It has a dirt floor. They love it. I do have a Sultan Roo that everyone picks on and at his feet until they bleed. I have had to take him away from his flock mates, and the big chickens. For now, he is living in a large Parrot cage. It sets on a stand and has wheels. There is a deep bottom in it. I dug the dirt and shavings out of the pen area he had always lived in. Put it in a dish pan for him. It seemed like he knew it was dirt from the get go. He jumped right in the dishpan and started dust bathing. He uses it often. I then put pine shavings in the rest of the bottom. I think I will put the dirt shaving, DE mix in the bottom and do away with the tub. It is really easy to lift the cage off of the bottom. I can then lift the bottom out to dump, put new dirt mix in when needed. My big chickens have Hutches, and all sorts of branch roosts, in their pen area. I turn over the pine shavings when needed. They get in there and have a digging and kicking party. If it gets wet I turn it over several times. I think it also helps keep their feet from burning in the summer month's. I have a large Camo netting over the top for shade. A couple areas have tarp over it. The roost area and hutch roofs. There feeders are out in the pen area. Those are covered. I don't rake out the Poo in the winter. It gets turned over and new shavings mix, added under the roost area. It helps creating some heat.
I have 3 white chickens, a bantam cochin, bantam Frizzle and A sultan Roo. The one in the cage. They will all be brown. when they are finished bathing they shake it off and before your eyes, they are back white.