I haven't read through the whole thread just yet, but I personally do a lot of sprouting (Lentils, quinoa, broccoli, peas, and beans) and grow fodder. I just got my first wild soldier fly larvae and I'm trying to get that established. Duckweed is an excellent source of plant protein (up to 40%) and growing in abundance in most inland lakes and ponds, so it could be initially harvested wild then grown on site. It's also readily available from aquarium supply stores.
I originally only kept chickens to turn my compost so they get scraps and bugs there already, I am more focused on my veggie garden than anything else. I raise quail for meat and eggs well, so could give them leftovers and make bone meal. My birds have access to .12 of an acre which is well planted with trees and wild flora like pig weed, cleavers, chickweed depending on the season. I keep piles of wood cuttings on the ground and flip them occasionally for the birds to eat the bugs. So I have essentially tried from the beginning to make commercial feed the least important component in thier diets, I do keep their feeder stocked in the run but with 10 birds I only fill their 8lb feeder maybe every 5-6 days. I do keep bantams Silkies in confinement currently, because they don't want to come out lol, so they are much more reliant on feed to be sure they're getting all the nutrients they need. 
Another factor is your climate, I'm in a subtropical zone in Texas, so we only have real cold temps for about a month mid January to mid February most years and even then everything stays pretty green. Learn to forage in your climate, valuable for you to know what is edible as well, just in case 
