Heads up on bird flu

CathyM

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8 Years
Jan 27, 2011
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For those of us on the west coast, I wanted to post some info on the recent surge in bird flu being experienced over in Japan and the Koreas. Doesn't seem to be carried by our media, probably because it is not affecting humans much this time. But the number of birds being culled is enormous (heartbreaking!) and they're suspecting the cold snaps have driven infectious migratory fowl more south than usual. There is a site that monitors flu in general - www.newfluwiki2.com - and they clip news accounts from around the world; that's how I found out.

This is not to panic over -- it's just something to be aware of, if you are on the West coast and/or in the path of asian migratory birds. Here are some of the details:

Since December 31, South Korea has culled 5.45 million birds at nearly 250 farms. Last month South Korea raised its alert against bird flu.....

The Miyazaki Prefectural Government (Japan) started culling 30,000 chickens Sunday at a poultry farm in the town of Kadogawa where its 10th case of bird flu this winter has been detected.
In the town of Tsuno, meanwhile, the prefecture completed destroying some 88,000 chickens the same day at another poultry farm....

A wave of extremely cold weather this winter is a suspected factor behind the ongoing spread of avian flu in Japan, according to ornithologists.
Flocks of migratory birds infected with an avian flu virus may have arrived in parts of the nation after advancing farther south than in an average year, instead of wintering on the Korean Peninsula. Their arrival may have been an attempt to avoid a wave of cold weather in continental Asia that has intensified since the beginning of this year, experts said.
"The spread (of avian flu) may have become even greater as a result of these birds arriving in this nation after migrating through such highly virus-dense areas as Siberia, China and Mongolia," Hiroyoshi Higuchi, a professor of ornithology at the University of Tokyo, said.
The highly virulent H5N1 avian flu has spread nationwide. Cases of bird flu infection have been found in nine prefectures, including those that have come to light in four prefectures since early this year.


I find it interesting (disturbing) that none of the Japanese media mention totals culled -- even though they go into great detail about numbers of officials working on it, etc. -- but I've been following this and each "individual" cull is huge.

South Korea is also grappling with its worst outbreak of foot-and-mouth -- but luckily cattle don't fly!
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I joined the WA State's Avian Health program and chose to participate in the High-Risk Flock program. It's an avian influenza testing program. Birds in our county are at risk due to the wildfowl (duck) population from our wetlands that are so prevalent. Wildfowl in our county frequently test positive for avian influenza. The type of AI that the waterfowl have is not harmful to the waterfowl but can mutate and become harmful to domestic chickens. That being said the State Veterinarian was telling me that so far they have not had a positive case in domestic chickens. The program is free and they come to your farm twice a year and either swab chickens or you can donate a dozen eggs for testing. Mine were done for the first time on Friday.

If anyone is worried about AI in their state or area I suggest contacting your State Veterinarian and seeing if they have a program that is similar to ours or updated information. How I found out about it was through a delightful calendar that the state prints from photos submitted by members state wide and full of health notes. It's free and in most feed stores.
 
Thanks, Laurie, for that information! I'm glad to hear of a program like that! It certainly eases my mind. I'll look into that in my area.
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CathyM wrote: I find it interesting (disturbing) that none of the Japanese media mention totals culled -- even though they go into great detail about numbers of officials working on it, etc. -- but I've been following this and each "individual" cull is huge.

Another site reports cull totals as approaching 280,000: http://www.thepoultrysite.com/bird-flu/bird-flu-news.php (link in list).
Over one billion culled (worldwide) since 2007: http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/al846e/al846e00.pdf

Have
been keeping up with what is going on (more the detective story angle) since the Vector Lab at the U. of Pittsburgh developed the first 100% effective recombinant vaccine (H5N1 chickens) back in `05. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/reprint/80/4/1959

Vaccines
have been used effectively for a while, now. The most recent, interesting info., is from research on H5N1 in Egypt, where vaccination is proving a bit less effective than it has in other countries:

we hypothesized that maternally transferred antibody was inhibiting vaccine induction of anti-H5N1 immunity.

Mass vaccination against HPAI in Egypt was adopted on the basis of the predicted efficacy of H5N1 vaccines in a number of avian species (36–40) and the recommendation of FAO/OIE to use vaccination as part of a control strategy for HPAI. Furthermore, field trials of oil emulsion–whole-virus H5 vaccines have shown promise in controlling H5N1 influenza outbreaks in Vietnam and the People’s Republic of China (41–43). However, mass vaccination has failed to control the continuing H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in Egypt (22). Not only may maternally transferred antibody contribute to this failure, but the strategy of intensive countrywide vaccination used in Vietnam was not implemented, and other biosecurity measures are not yet fully realized (22).

Additionally, backyard poultry that make up an estimated equivalent number of birds to commercial farms are largely not vaccinated. Our findings suggest that day-old chicks derived from immunized dames should not be vaccinated immediately. Studies now under way seek to determine the optimal time for vaccination of chickens with parentally transferred antibody and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. DNA vaccines are proposed as a strategy to circumvent maternal antibody suppression of the protective immune response of chickens to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine (44). DNA vaccines with or without cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (an immune stimulant) hold the potential for in ovo vaccination and induction of protective immunity regardless of maternally transferred antibody (45–47). However, in ovo vaccination using DNA vaccines may not be practical under field conditions.

The ongoing circulation of HP H5N1 avian influenza in poultry in Egypt has caused >100 human infections and remains an unresolved threat to veterinary and public health. The decreased rate of fatality among human cases (from 60% to <20% as of January 2010) may reflect either a decline in the pathogenicity of the endemic H5N1 strain or improved clinical management.

The recently reported reassortment between an avian HP H5N1 and a human seasonal H3N2 virus, generating hybrid viruses with substantial virulence (48), raises the specter of potential interhuman transmissibility of such reassortants. It is sobering to realize that ominous reassortment events remain possible as long as a virus continues to circulate; for example, swine H1N1 viruses recently reacquired pandemic-level transmissibility after an interval of nearly 100 years. Therefore, HP H5N1 viruses in domestic poultry will always present a potential threat to humans. The cocirculation of the highly transmissible pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus raises concern about potentially transmissible reassortants.

In conclusion, parentally transferred anti-H5N1 antibodies appear to be modulating the efficacy of H5N1 inactivated virus vaccines in Egypt, thus facilitating the ongoing outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in poultry and the continued infection of humans. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism(s) involved in this passive immunization and identify options to circumvent the problem.

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/05/24/1006419107.full.pdf
(emphasis, mine)

One of the, many, new `universal' vaccines that has entered human trials (just for a brief description of how they work - no, don't own stock):

Conventional vaccines are strain-specific and have limited ability to protect against genetic shifts in the influenza strains they target. They are therefore modified annually in anticipation of the next flu season's new strain(s). If a significantly different, unanticipated new strain emerges, such as the 2009 swine-origin pandemic strain, then the current vaccines provide little to no protective capability. In contrast, Inovio believes that its design approach to characterize a broad consensus of antigens across variant strains of each influenza sub-type creates the ability to protect against new strains that have common genetic roots, even though they are not perfectly matched. By formulating a single vaccine with some or all of the key sub-types, protection may be achieved against seasonal as well as pandemic strains such as swine flu or pandemic-potential strains such as avian influenza.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180908.php
 
Wow! That's really interesting information, Spurrdon! Thanks for posting it... I'm glad to hear there is progress on vaccination. I'd heard that there were vaccination campaigns in various Asian countries, but these latest outbreaks made it seem like it wasn't working... so perhaps it's simply that they hadn't done the vaccinations...
 
Just wanting to keep my chickenfriends informed... heads up, Missouri!

CIDRAP: H7N3 found on Missouri turkey farm
Routine pre-slaughter testing has identified H7N3 avian influenza at a commercial turkey farm in Missouri (Snip) Located in Polk County, the turkey operation had 14,000 19-week-old turkeys in one barn and 16,000 5-week-old birds in another. Testing was conducted as part of the National Poultry Improvement Plan's Avian Influenza Clean Program. The birds did not show any signs of disease.
An investigation has not found the source of the virus. The findings prompted Missouri to implement its H5/H7 response and containment plan, including a quarantine of the farm, but the report did not mention culling. Polk County is in south-central Missouri, not far from Springfield. The United States' last low-pathogenic avian influenza outbreak occurred in August 2009, when the H7N9 virus turned up on a turkey farm in Meeker County, Minnesota (Snip)

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/news/mar3011flunewsscan.htmlOIE

US: Ag inspectors looks into Avian influenza case (Missouri)
State agriculture inspectors are investigating a case of Avian influenza at a poultry facility in Polk County in southwestern Missouri. The facility (Snip) has been quarantined as authorities await test results.
(Snip)
The department said Wednesday that this was a "low pathogenic" strain. The birds affected are under quarantine and flocks within six miles of the facility are receiving tests for the disease. (Snip)

http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/article_e1ff787a-5b43-11e0-8991-0017a4a78c22.html
 
I think it has to do with migration routes... and what kinds of wild birds get the flu. A new study shows one kind of bird flu (there are several) moves from ducks to chickens, but not blackbirds... so there are several "luck" factors... Just hope we are in a good place
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