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Yes, folks do this. But... if the breed is a good breed, it doesn't make sense. Take a Barred Rock or RIR. They cost $3 even for a hatchery chick, electricity, bedding and feed to brood out. Finally, after almost 6 months of additional feeding, work, bedding, etc, they finally lay. Cost? $20 a pullet. It takes them over a month to lay larger than midget eggs. So, at the end of the pullet year, at 18 months of age, yes, they'll take a break. They'll moult and not lay for 5 or 6 weeks. It costs about $5-$7 to feed her through that period. But here's the thing.
For that $5 dollar of feed and a little patience, you launch her on to her second year. She'll lay a few less eggs, but those eggs she lays will be large and of great quality. She'll give you a second productive year, if her breeding is any good at all. Far cheaper to keep her and get that production, imho.
OK, at the end of that year, when she's 30 months old? Yes, she can go again, but the numbers economically start to change and they're aren't good. We're obviously not talking pet chickens here, so, a decision needs to be made at that point. It is at this point, if she isn't breeding potential, then many keepers turn them loose.
I think those people selling 18 months old hens haven't always crunched the numbers. It's OK, their way, but there is another option.