Like TwoCheep said, easier to increment a single number each day rather than have to adjust multiple digits when a month rolls over. A lot of date code stamping machines are also probably fairly unsophisticated and old.
They could probably do it if they upgrade to a fancy new printer but why do that when the old one that worked for decades still does the job?
The pic below is of 50 pound bags of corn flour. First 4 digits are the batch/lot code, second two are the julian date missing the leading zero (why waste the ink?) second two digits are the year. Then the two single digits relate to the line it was produced on (if I'm remembering correctly) then the last four are the type of flour (Thin Chip #1 White corn flour).
The machine that printed it I dont think is capable of dashes or slashes. Plus the 2 or 3 digits of the Julian date plus 2 digit year also save ink meaning less digits to print in a 6 digit MM/DD/YY format.
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