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My opinion is one you won't hear much and probably won't welcome; I also suggest it is right and offers the numbers you are after.
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Interior coop space is good @ 3-5 sq ft/bird. They should not be in there except to sleep and nest, anyway. If you live in a northern climate, then go with the larger number. Then, cull your flock when winter approaches and keep only the best layers and cock.
For exterior space, the absolute minimum is 87.12 sq ft/ per bird.
87.12 sq ft/per bird is equal to 500 birds per acre. That was the number considered maximum by the men who range reared chickens back before our intense methods arrived. Did you catch that? These men reared their birds on range, i.e., grass and dirt.
The confusing array of numbers you hear today originate with the dreaded confinement/commercial business and assume waste management as part of the cycle. But, if you break from that path and allow the "magic 87.12 sq ft" (or more), you'll find the earth itself absorbs the effects of chickens and nearly eliminates the need for waste management. Anything less and you become a waste management specialist, to one degree or another.
Don't have that much space? Reduce numbers until you approach it. Harsh I know, but there it is.
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What this means is that most of the numbers you hear are essentially white elephants... and wrong. Yes, I said it wrong.
A chicken is an active creature, 5-8 lbs of talon and beak with a burning desire to shred all grass, flowers or garden space within view. 70% of what it eats is returned out the rear as wet manure. Thats 3-4 ounces of the stuff per day. 10 chickens mean 1.875-2.5 pounds of it, deposited every day on the shredded ground
365 days per year. Confine them tightly in a small space and, well
you do the math.
There are as many ways to keep chickens as there are people, and you can keep chickens in 1 sq. ft., if you want to. But that doesnt mean it's the best way.
Flatly put, there are a few immutable principles which you shouldnt tempt. One of them is this:
When it comes to chickens and their living space, only one word describes what you want: MORE.