I have seen some vending machines outside of bait shops. For the folks that arrive after closing.
The fishing worms are usually the Nightcrawlers. Where there is a market, there will be suppliers.
Another option for bait, although less desirable,, are Red worms. They are small, and kind of difficult to set on a fishing hook. My son long ago did a science project that ended going to State Fair.
His project was titled. "WORMS EAT MY GARBAGE"
Pretty sure he received a Blue Ribbon.
On the subject of catch and release,,, I grind off the barbs on hooks, so there is no injury to the fish's mouth.
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Also on the subject of catfish. Nothing outperforms bait-wise than Chicken Livers. Most supermarkets carry.