Jest Another Day in Pear-A-Dice - Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm in Alberta

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So we all raise or have an interest in poultry here...forum about birds eh. I guess basically we LOVE POULTRY is a good commonality to say about us all...
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Why do we do it...obviously there is something we love about it or we would not be doing it or having an interest in it.

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For us here...we do it because we love most all things poultry and we want to conserve and preserve the OLD TIMER lines of poultry. Real birds capable of leading REAL lives; being real chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, etc. I like to see happy birds, keep them living as long and healthy as I am able and I also enjoy the useful things that the birds provide us with; from foods to entertainment and it all sure gives a purpose in my life. Rick always quips, "Well what else would we be doing, eh?" and I have to laugh...he is ever so correct.

In 2007, we started to note that our food, that poultry products were beginning to be worrisome...the mush meats and swill eggs were never an interest of ours but we were getting all sorts of contacts from persons that were having a struggle finding GOOD birds as in production ones...for eggs and meat. The old time lines of Sussex and Rhodes...no waterfowl period was on offer at the hatcheries, there was less and less FOOD kind of poultry and it worried us. Since then, I have seen Bronze turkeys in trouble (especially Dr. Crawford's Ridleys), waterfowl stocks keep dropping (hardly anyone can hatch the bantam Calls of any quality), less and less geese are kept, decent heritage chickens that lay winter eggs and put decent carcasses on our plates...yeh troubles continue eh.

What we did is we chose to bring in Appleyards (triple purpose duck for meat, eggs and entertainment--pretty birds), standard sized Chanteclers and heritage turkeys in breeds not often kept. There, we thought...three production heritage species we will continue with keeping going. Not extinct and make sure us people of the land, us common folks can feed our faces, sustain ourselves with our own re-plenishable poultry resources.

WE do try NOT to be psycho about all this self-sufficiency...no I don't want drugs in my food that I grow, plants or animals, but I also have antibiotics that keep expiring but I keep replenishing some...jest in case my tells me to use the BIG GUNS (do have to wonder how BIG they might be now that so many are failing, but whatever). I am not antidrug but I am anti keep the weak going and make more of the same and worse. I don't want to be off the grid, or have to eat only what I have produced, but more conservative and hopefully doable and sensible about trying to help out.

I love my birds, I also know I have to have tough love and humanely decide that any weak and suffering must be ended. Hate that but it is an adult responsible side we have to do...hopefully not too often.
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SO....

This means I owe a duty of care to the beasts and birds to make the best I can make...make more of the same and keep improving on them. I should not be producing 300 weaklings, but praise my good fortune if I make 100 good birds which I can then make selections from for THREE PERCENT as breeding prospects. Sounds pretty severe, eh...but we are merely following in the footsteps of the oldtimer bird breeders we got our own stocks from. The GOOD START...


Some of our Bantam chickens - Dark Brahma, MDF Booted, White Wyandotte, Silver Laced Wyandotte, and Buff Brahma



Some of our retired chickens in de Coop fer Sure - happiness and joy joy!
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I am going to recount our tale of the Bantam Brahmas. So Rick decides he really likes the Brahmas...he likes how they remind him of solid interesting chickens...I like that they produce big eggs, live a long time, make awesome setty hens (better than Silkies in MY books because unlike exhibition Silkies, they can SEE their babies to raise them up right), take time to mature, and even the bantam stocks provide one heck of a decent carcass for consumption of meat. This is a GREEN light for me in production because I will see the birds that we have hatch...the males we do not use for breeding, those will make excellent happy meat and the females, even if not of breeding prospect quality, those ones will produce awesome decent eggs for our table. The thing about the Brahma chicken is they are steady to mature (note I did not say slow...steady and the pullets keep on growing into hens...massive hens of substance...long lived and productive! I say QUALITY takes time).

I may slip a bantam hen's egg into a standard sized egg carton and nobody is much the wiser on it being a BANTAM compared to a STANDARD sized egg...given the whole carton is not some of me Jumbo sized Standard Chantecler eggs...big eggs for a bantam hen...three bantam Brahma eggs = two standard chicken eggs and in some cases MORE!



Dec 08, 2012 - Four Year old Buff Brahma Hen egg 54 gr LARGE Size egg from a BANTAM CHICKEN...


So Rickie wanted Brahmas...at first he thought, maybe standard sized Brahmas...the Lights (Silver Columbian) caught his fancy and he thought maybe some of those...but we sat down and figured, why not bantams... We can have more, if one passes, it is not as big a hit because we have a larger base flock in numbers alone...keep more bantams in the same space, they sure are productive (laugh at me, I still figure the feed conversion to eggs and meat in a bantam out do the standard sized ones...one day, have to do experiments to prove that I guess).

So we tried locally. Went to a sanctioned show, observed the bantam Brahmas...decided Darks (Silver Pencilled) and the Buffs (Buff Columbian) in bantams were where we would go. Put in orders and got a Buff roo from one person and Buff hens from another...not too many Darks about, so got our stocks from one Fancier--again, waiting some years for our birds. So got the birds and I rolled up me sleeves and begin playing with them. What a disappointment. I could not get anything decent out of them. The Darks had lightening bolts for pencils, the Buffs had all sorts of issues from bad combs to poor markings. I was beside myself. I kept trying and nope, no silk purses from the sow's ears...sigh. So I finally threw my hands in the air and whined at Rick that I could not do anything with the birds we had started with. Rick's reply, "Get looking, go get us some good ones." So I did.
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I contacted a sanctioned judge, out East this time because they have WAY bigger birder population and more shows. Yup, instant success...I was given Gordon Ridler's name...and contacted Mr. Ridler (stringman of old...him and his father travelled the show circuit in train cars...loads of entries to exhibit...thousands of birds is what they hatched...oh goody!). Now Ridler had no Brahma's but he had a contact for me... We contacted Murray (surprisingly, the Darks here in Alberta were from Murray, but THREE times removed birds...not his directly...we had found our original SOURCE!) and put an order in that fall for next fall's birds. Murray had been working with the EXACT same strain for going on 60 years. Murray had Honest John Kriner, Sr. (not the Jr.) stock. Never added any birds to the line, ever. So SIXTY years of work with the Brahma line of Kriner Senior's...and my goodness...the birds were all that and more.


Dark Brahma bantams


Lookit the PENCILS!
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Buff Brahma bantams


Rich contrast



The old style form of the Brahmas - the ones I adore! Not no POOF or bump in the cushion...firm feathers with crisp proper markings!


Lookit the thickness...the WIDTH...room to make eggs in, and room to hang meat off of...

Setty mothers of extreme care...this is Hannible...she is feeding the Booted chicks she hatched with egg yolk she is holding in her own beak for the kids to take.


What made us laugh...Murray was no woosey...when others in his local heard that Murray was going to be doing a big push on numbers (he hatched out....drum roll...290 birds to send us just eight birds--two pairs of Buffs and two pairs of Darks), one of the local judges caught wind of the project and happened to pop on by Murray's. Murray told him straight..."No birds for sale until I send the Higginses' theirs." The sanctioned judge kept pestering Murray, but every time he said "NO!, no birds ready yet!" Now we had told Murray, we wanted birds we could call HIS birds because quite frankly, we did not have enough time into working with the Brahmas to know enough of the finer points to know what to want. Murray was good with that. I do laugh because finally the sanctioned judge was beside himself and asked Murray, "Just how many birds are you sending them?" "Eight..." Well with hundreds on the go, the judge was not so pleased but Murray, he wanted them grown out to the fall and he would be picking what he chose to pick to represent his take on the breed in these two varieties. When Murray called us and said, "I have chosen the birds" we knew it was gonna be good. Murray chose one cockerel in the Dark that he was EVER so proud of...clean wing bows like he had never seen. The judge swung by and commented on this cockerel...that his tail was less than perfect and Murray just smiled and said, "lookit the clarity in the wing bows!"...the judge shut his face. NO kidding...there are NEVER perfect birds...but sometimes birds express the coveted PERFECTION in a trait, eh! Murray chose out one Buff pullet, the contrast she exhibited was stellar...ebony black against a light but ever so even buff. I still have that in my Buff lines...very well ingrained...talking with Murray over the years, he said that trait was never again exhibited so strongly as was in that one pullet and sadly he feels his lines at home have lost that particular contrast...not as vivid as ours is. How kewl is that.


Brahma day olds


So the birds came and we have enjoyed working with them...another just about 15 years more invested in the original Kriner Sr. line of bantam Brahmas. I had so much to work with...I had the GOOD START to work on...one factor I personally find a pet peeve...the shortened outer toe that some feather footed breeds seem to have (Brachydactyly). I decided to make that my number one issue to improve (no foot, no animal/bird) and I never breed from a Brahma that lacks a toe nail (yeh, full toe if you got a nail expressed...you can judge that on DAY OLDS...no nail, do not breed from that one). Now I have a line I love...fully footed with all toes present with toenails. Sometimes I get some that do not have as strong a feathered foot as I might prefer but I keep working at adding feathers (but do not want vulture hocks...balancing act here!)...to the feet. There ARE no perfect birds, only working always trying for it, eh.
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In 2008, I pondered adding some new blood (diversity perhaps to be safe) and was making a hatchery order, so had five bantam Dark brahmas added to the order since we were already dealing with the hassles of bringing in new birds. Needless to say, I culled these ones and NEVER introduced this Dark Bantam Brahma blood into the original strains. Here's why....


Dark Brahma bantams- LEFT four Hatchery 4 day olds / RIGHT three Higgins 1 day olds


Dark Brahma bantams- LEFT Higgins 1 day old / RIGHT Hatchery 4 day old



Dark Brahma bantams- LEFT Hatchery 4 day old / RIGHT Higgins 1 day old

The hatchery Dark Brahmas were wretched...you can see FOUR day old birds and how small and miscoloured they are from the ONE day olds we have here already. YEH...these visuals are PERFECT way to show how breeder birds with 60+ years invested in them compare to hatchery stocks. The hatchery birds pale in comparison...in breed and variety, shape and colour pattern...from DAY ONE!!!!!!!!
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So when I wanted to make Partridge Brahmas...I could.



I used Murray's birds which had and have SOLID colour patterns in them...this is the F1 generation of Parts...



Gold version of SILVER pencilled...



Yes, the shade is gold and not reddish bay...but there are some decent pencils...the thigh area is too soft and you can see the feathers are not expressing a crisp penciling...but things can be improved upon...

Lookit the rich darker ground colour now...getting closer to reddish bay ground colour...



Gold and Silver are gender linked...so Partridge males are taking me longer...I have six this past season to choose from. Mahogany wing bows...a good sign we are going reddish bay over gold, eh.
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Dec 2014

Murray's good start continues to allow me to play with bird birds like I never could have without a solid secure foundation...75 years within this strain of the bantam Brahma breed.

What I have always found interesting is how people say that exhibition birds, that the oldtimer exhibition lines are all about the purdy feathers...well I disagree...pretty is as pretty does and there is no room in my coops for birds that are not putting decent firm and tasty HAPPY meat on our plates and decent quality tasty eggs in our diets. Chickens must have benefits...hee hee...more benefits as in production wise.



Fryer Buff Chantecler at 20 weeks old - Nov 22, 2009


Bounty of Chant eggers

The oldtimer lines HAVE to have produced...none of us here will put up with poultry that cannot be BOTH pretty AND productive in meat and eggs. That simply don't cut it. Not in our books anyway.
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Doggone & Chicken UP!

Tara Lee Higgins
Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm, Alberta, Canada
 
Heel low:

So Rick graced me with a great BIG surprise for Saturday.
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Rick took me to China Town in Calgary to see the sights and have a nice dinner.


Service was great, food was presented nicely.
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Dinner was good...a tad too greasy but hey, was pretty tasty if not all that good fer moi (had MSG in it...sigh!).
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Even had one of the chef's entertain my silliness, opened up the BQ hanger area so I could get a nice click...MEAT! BQ MEAT!
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Been wanting to see what Calgary's China Town was like (not as good as Vancouver and Victoria, but still lots of fun!)...oh for probably over 15 years now. This was really good of Rick, eh?
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He even handed me $50 and said go buy something...bought a calendar with goats and rams in it...fer the year of the Sheeps, eh!



Got to snap lots of pics of Foo Dogs--love those, have five concrete ones here around the Taj Mahal that I put out in the nicer weather.



Perchiegal will like this one, perhaps?


I laughed because we could probably collect up enough scrap metal (if we were so inclined to collect metal!) for doing up the Whole Budweister TEAM


I don't DO cities well...total foreign and far too regimental. Fer example, it costs $45 a day to park downtown...same amount as Kamloops where I worked a while...was $25 a day which works out to $40 a day in 2015 money. Gack!

I don't do the crowds, the noise, the congestion, the pollution, vehicle traffic, the lack of greenery, the rules and regs, the signs, fines for everything...but we only do this every three to six months...so lots of time for me to forget these things. I laughed at one store...little bin of yen. Now guess the price...five dollars for one yen...I near choked! For one Canuck buck...you can get 96 Japanese yen...doing the math...five Canuck bucks...you can get 480 Japanese yen...how stunned and stupid ARE people??
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So glad where we live but nice little change for a day...can say it was NEW and different, eh.


Nice nice place to visit...for a few hours and then...


I wanna SCREAM...."GET ME OUTTA HERE!"
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Next day, Sunday...was really happy to be home...like going to the city, but LOVE coming back to Pear-A-Dice here.
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Fixins was most helpful...

Laughed at this sight...



Now there's a SLED DOG...laying comfy on my chore coat...what a MUTT eh.
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The Red Golden Pheasant boys were having a great time...warm out, has been for a bit now...



Red Goldens


March being like a lamb right now.
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But not soon enough or warm enough (not 14 hours of natural sunlight...that's mid April) for me to be contemplating firing up Buster the Bator and doing any hatching.


This is the one pile of snow on the left...WAY little compared to last year. Yeh, a snowy winter but not a monumental snow like 2013/2014.



Garden yesterday...good amount in there for moisture...and ice worm continuation of growth.
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Getting a bit slick in the pasture where the dog dogs run...bit of ice and more melting, bit slushy.


And nice enough to grab a Chantecler chook and snap a few pics.


Young cockerel Chantecler from last season's hatch. Blue dilution in thar...note that tail colour is tinged a bit BOO, eh!

Getting on with growing out his tail feathers...he has a nice form, good length of back and pretty substantial considering he is just a young sop.

And fer supper last night...protein; no carb, no veg...just MEAT! Wez bad...
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Chinese chicken wings...shrimp and beef steak...

Am thinking a great big salad is overdue for tonight...I know we saved some shwimpies for that too...
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Doggone & Chicken UP!

Tara Lee Higgins
Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm, Alberta, Canada
 
Heel low:

This is my blank dry board for a Punnett Square...




So did up a Punnett Square, empty one...you can laugh all you want...begin NOW.
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So here we go with incompletely dominant...Blue dilution...or BOO as I like to quip.
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Here are the steps in the Punnett Squares...

To make Blue the parents are Bl and bl"+"...Bl/bl"+" = BLUE in colour.



So fill in the first of the F1 offspring, the progeny... Bl/Bl


Then the second child... Bl/bl"+"


Third offspring is... Bl/bl"+"




Last four outcome for offspring is bl"+"/bl"+"





So if I give you a blank Punnett Square, like this one below...and three of the blue dilution colour varieties in Call ducks...I am wondering if you snazzy genetics persons wanna try answering what the PHENOTYPE will look like matched up to the breeding above...the genotype is above and is: 1 Bl/Bl : 2 Bl/bl"+" : 1 bl"+"/bl"+"
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Blue Dilution Call Ducks...

BLACK


BLUE


SPLASH



I bin thinking about Diva's suggestion in regards to a baby carriage for them wubber ducks of mine...hmmm...I've been grappling with it and not really succeeding, eh.
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I jest don't know...hmmm...

How will a baby carriage fit in with a collection as low as this one...toilets, garbage cans, crazy l00kin' birds, pirate birds....

Hmm...there may come a time to add a carriage, a baby one, but I really do ponder...hmm, what kinda carriage it is going to be...maybe more hearse like, eh.
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And of course, no day here could be complete without Fixins acting rude like and sticking her tongue out.
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Doggone & Chicken UP!

Tara Lee Higgins
Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm, Alberta, Canada
 
Thinking on this one, and it's late.
Scott

OK...new dawn will probably help clear the mind...

Quote:
I have a headache...

Probably from reading all the blah, blah and more blah...
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I love blue colour genetics...love blue birds of all species...was my first fascination with bird colour genetics when we bred two blue Calls together and out popped: one silver, two blue, and one splash duckling! Both Rick and I exclaimed...what have we done! What monster mix up is THIS! I struck up a conversation with Call Duck breeder Daphne Mays and she has since forwarded me her copy of some old colour genetic publications...she was such a Peach because I had been trying everywhere to get this all explained. She helped me immensely and now it is my turn to do the favour and educate others regarding the fascinating blue dilution mysteries made solvable!
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Blue dilution (Bl) dilutes black pigment.

Blue dilution is a mutation from wild type (bl"+").

Blue colour in birds is actually a grey...note Blue Jays in the shade of a tree don't look like the blue we see on a t-shirt, they look grey in colour. Remember that the vivid blue we see on a hummingbird feather is caused by bubbles on the feather's surface. Blue must be viewed in the correct light to be expressed as BLUE, not grey. So basically blue in poultry is a mix of white with black (to make grey) and the shade of "blue" may range from near black to a soft pigeon blue. Firmer feathers will express a better blue colour (richer, deeper looking pigment). You often hear people suggesting that one crosses a Blue back on Black poultry where in reality, it is may be not so much the colour (lack of black to dilute) but the need for expression of firmer over softer feathers though it is true that without sufficient black pigments, the blue has nothing much decent to dilute to a blue pigment expression. Texture plays a role in colour expression in bird feathers and you can easily see this when observing the "edge" of a feather...there is lacing in the Laced Blues but often a different colour seems in play when it is a change in texture and structure that is causing the difference.



Hackles on female Chanteclers




Hackles on male Chanteclers


See the SHINE...that is due more to the TEXTURE of the feather edging...different structure than the rest of the feathers...

In proper scientific terms, blue dilution is epistatic to black and black is hypostatic to blue dilution. Epistatic is the term used for "dominant" to identify that blue dilution is on another location than black. Blue dilution and black are not different alleles located at the same place. Hypostatic merely means that it is recessive but is located on another area of the chromosome or located on a completely different chromosome. Black is hypostatic to blue dilution and Blue dilution is epistatic to black. I hope the use of big terms does not overly confuse anyone. I often just say that blue dilution is incompletely dominant to black to simplify it and keep us on track without derailment. We need to keep progressing and use the proper terminology.
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Black or eumelanin pigment that is rod shaped is diluted by blue dilution. Bl tends to ignore the round shaped pigments; so some of the black pigments that are round in shape will be those obnoxious black specks or entirely black feathers we see in some blue birds. Red phaeomelanin pigment is round and therefore gets ignored by blue dilution. When we get told WHY things are the way they are, we often remember it better by understanding the reason. I hate being told "because" when I ask WHY!

It is often good to think in terms of one dose (heterozygous) of blue dilution moderately dilutes the black...to a shade of blue. A double dose (homozygous for two blue dilutions) has twice the power or diluting affect...so works twice as well as one dose and virtually makes the colour a white (no pigment, but leaky, eh--proper term is Splash). Blue Dilution dilutes black, so one dose = Blue (in various shades) and two doses = Splash (again, sometimes with leaky black and/or red pigments...recall there are only two pigments in birds...black and red - red is a different shape than black...so blue dilution can "recognize" or affect that rod shape, leaving the roundy ones alone).
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There are two kinds of blue in poultry...

- Laced blue is blue dilution in an impure state (heterozygous) plus black pigments with the addition of lacing in the combined form of Columbian, Melanotic, and the Pattern gene. Co, Ml, Pg in homozygous state or combinations of heterozygous (i.e. Co/co"+", Ml/ml"+", Pg/pg"+", etc.) should edge the blue feather with a darker lace in varying widths. Most prefer a thinner even darker edge over a thicker one.

- Self blue which is from a double dose of; Lavender (which is true breeding in a homozygous state) OR blue dilution with no lacing mutations (co"+", ml"+", pg"+") or it may also be from the more rare Smokey (found on the dominant white locus--another true breeding blue).


I do not want to GIVE you the answer to the question regarding phenotypes of the blue dilution Punnett Square of Blue x Blue breeding that I have asked but don't want to make it too difficult either. Balancing and may fall on my fat ol' butt pretty quickly...fall down, go BOOM!

I hope this makes some sense...had only one cup of java thus far and will go edit this later after I go out to clear my own noggin'...if I have messed up...but a good start to help out the question I have posed, I hope that is. Sure I will hear about it if I messed up eh...hee hee...
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Doggone & Chicken UP!

Tara Lee Higgins
Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm, Alberta, Canada
 
If I understood the question, BIG maybe, here's my thoughts.
opps I forgot the ratio, 50/50
Scott

Ah my dear sweet man...I have asked for phenotype of the Punnett Square I posted...

What are the colours of the Blue x Blue mating in the progeny?





But no worries...this is a good bit of practise and we can learn from your work. So not wasted your time and efforts, what you have done, that just leads into the next step (leave it to a Man go be three steps ahead of the class and not even know it! Modest men, eh...).
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What you have given us another equation of blue dilution breeding (and this may give you the answer, but hey, let's get on with this, eh! Gotta catch up to Scott...hee hee)....Black x Blue. PLUS you most certainly DO have the ratio on the outcomes for genotype and phenotype for the breeding you have done correct as 50/50.

A BLACK x BLUE breeding is what Scott has completed which equals an outcome of half the progeny in Black and half in Blue. 1:1 ratio for genotype of Black : Blue and genotype ratio is the same 1:1 with bl"+"/bl"+" : Bl/bl"+"


So whilst we are here right now talking about Black x Blue in a breeding...the same sorta of outcome is achieved when we breed a SPLASH x BLUE...again, half the kids will be the Splash and the other half will be the Blue...genotype ratio of 1:1 with Bl/Bl : Bl/bl"+"

Some like to trim down the ratio, it can still read like 50% of each in percentage (50/50) but in the ratio form written as 2:2 (correct but like fractions, some want to reduce it down further) to 1:1 which is the same thing as 2:2 or 50% in each colour.
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So now I am hoping I kinda sorta have given the answer away, but will repeat it again and try to make it less confusing and more simple.


Here is the genetic outcome of BLUE x BLUE Punnett Square breeding...


The outcome of the kids/progeny is the genotype is above and is: 1 Bl/Bl : 2 Bl/bl"+" : 1 bl"+"/bl"+"

Anyone wanna guess the PHENOTYPE or what the four kids produced from a blue to blue breeding are gonna l00k like?
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Genotype: 1 Bl/Bl : 2 Bl/bl"+" : 1 bl"+"/bl"+"

Phenotype: 1 ?? : 2 ?? : 1 ??


Insert any of the three colour choices to replace the "??" ...BLUE, SPLASH, BLACK.


Never mind the photos of the ducks...we can do that another time. I need to keep this less complex and quit trying to zip along. I end up with egg on my face...sorta reminds me of me impersonating TOM the Swedish Chef...


So yeh..."Yurski, Burski GO the Popovers--KABoofed!"...let's keep this on the KISS principle method, eh!
Me making a mess of things...food tastes GOOD but the mess...oh the clean up aisle NINE..."Oh Fixins! Gotta job fer you!"
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Supper last night...salad, pan fried shrimp, green onions and mushrooms.


Leftovers of Chinese chicken wings, some crout and pork ribs, baked potato sliced and baked in the oven with onion

Hopefully I have now asked the right question in the right manner...

Doggone & Chicken UP!

Tara Lee Higgins
Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm, Alberta, Canada
 
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