As for water-ers om the winter, I put a shop lamp, like a small brooder lamp with a 100 watt bulb right over top of the water-er on the side that has the dispenser hole. This way, though the water may freeze partly, where the water comes out and most of the surrounding area stays constantly thawed. I discovered it worked great this way when I had the chicks hatch in the coops in January. I placed a black light bulb and a red light bulb, both 75 watts on the side where Skeeter was brooding. It kept those water-ers thawed. SO, I moved one to the big chickens side and sure enough, it kept it thawed just enough to keep water constant. I will do it again this year. I kept recycling old milk jugs to bring fresh water out every other day or so. Last year, I only had the one water-er in the coop, the water-er in the garage never froze really. AND the birds were constantly heading for the garage on the really bitter days.