Yes, not only is the weed killed but also the beneficial organisms living in the soil. Then you are still left with the task of getting rid of the dead material.Vinegar works really well, but it does also kill practically everything, so keep that in mind when using it. The boiling water is a good idea, as it should help kill the root as well as the having the vinegar kill the foliage. I have also heard that a bit of dishsoap in the mixture helps the vinegar bond to the leaves, or something like that? Anyway, it's effects on the soil are not supposed to be long lived, if you are planning on putting something else in.
It's just better to pull the weeds in the first place and be done with it.
BTW if you go the vinegar route then get the horticulture strength, it's stronger than grocery store vinegar.