While it is not the CAUSE, it is correlated.
Egg color is definitely based upon breed. For examples Leghorns lay white eggs. However, egg color is usually correlated to ear lobe color. Generally, white earlobes coincide with white eggs, blue with blue, red with brown/pink, etc. However, exceptions such as Araucanas (red earlobes, blue eggs) exist.
So no it's not the cause. But an extremely heavy correlation has been found.
I'm an Animal and Poultry Sciences and Dairy Science double major at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. I've read this in several text books and journal articles, and have heard if from different professors through out my undergraduate career.
Thanks all!