The protein is good at building the structure of the chicken and, yes, to a certain degree is how chickens gain muscle mass. But like with a human, protein helps build lean meat and carbs build fatty meat and fat in general. If I am on a high protein and low carb diet, I will be in shape and have good muscle tone, but if I drop the protein and up the carbs, I will gain fat and fill out. Same with a chicken. The way I think of it is, with the high protein to start you are building the "frame" of the bird - giving all of its bones, muscle tissue, and organs a great environment to thrive and grow. Once they have that frame and you start upping the ratio of corn (that's what I use for the carbs), they fatten up and fill out - which increases weight, slows down the metabolism, causes the birds to have slightly less energy (less burning of calories), and marbleizes the muscles with fat as well as puts a nice layer of fat under the skin and around the cavity opening that renders down and helps the meat to not go dry as quickly. Most feeding schedules for meat bird breeds include a drop in protein generally from about 21% down to 16 or 17% over the course of the entire life of the bird.