You can see porosity by candling before setting.
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Quote: The irregularity in the shell thickness which indicates porosity is visible on candling, the amount of light varies greatly in splotches or large speckles. The surface may look good, and may feel smooth and be an even color, but the shell's true thickness has a lot of weaker or thinner spots which allow light through differently than the more solid areas. They can still hatch, but like pullet eggs, I just don't like the odds when the broody is spending so much effort on them.
We have a favored hen who unfortunately lays a more porous egg... no matter what supplement she gets. I have tried twice to hatch her egg under a broody and once it ended up broke, the other time the hen pushed it out after the first week and I found it had quit early on. So I quit setting her eggs because I didn't want to waste the egg room if I had eggs with better chances. Which I hate, since I really like this hen, she is everything good about a barnyard girl... but practicality rules, so no more eggs from her (though I still check hers each time I have a broody to see if she miraculously laid a nice solid shelled egg! LOL)
great example pic!