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Yes, for income tax purposes it's not very different than any other business. Your taxable profit (or loss) from the enterprise is your gross receipts minus the cost of inputs.
Income from a layer operation is your sales of eggs and possibly manure or compost. Now subtract the cost of birds, feed, bedding, supplies, utilities, labor, insurance, office space, office supplies, mileage related to the business, depreciation on buildings and equipment. What is left is your profit (or loss) that you pay taxes on. If your business is a sole proprietorship you file the appropriate forms along with your personal income taxes. If you show a profit you pay taxes on it. If you show a loss it can offset taxes from your other income sources, but as I said earlier you are expected to show a profit three out of five years. You can't continually apply the losses against your other income.
There are some unique things with a farm business since it can be a family enterprise. You can deduct work clothes used by yourself and your family if they are used as part of the business. You can pay your kids wages and deduct it as an expense. One just have to be careful not to pay them so much that they become liable for income taxes on their wages. You can't just deduct their allowance. It all has to be documented as pay as you would any other employee, right down to cutting them a paycheck.
Again, all of this has to be run in a business like manner. If you don't show a profit or just make up numbers at the end of the year to reduce your tax liability, the IRS will come knocking.