The Homework Help Thread

cool idea...I will check-in from time to time...might be of some use considering they let me teach! science, math, and ag all fall within my bag of tricks...can even help with psychology stuff...at least I passed the classes!

 

This is a neat idea. I might just have to use it some.

 

Umm......
Biology:

Kingdoms:

Monera - single celled prokaryotic organisms
Protista - singled celled eukaryotic organisms
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae

(sorry I'm not very good at this sort of thing!)

 

Quote:what about them? I passed organismal biology last spring, was there something you needed?

 

Here are my notes for Animalia:

1) Nutrition: heterotrophic by ingestion
2) Cell Structure and Specialization
-animals are Multicellular eukaryotes
-Their cells lack cell walls
3) Animal bodies typically have cells organized in tissues, classified as epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Types of Epithelium:
a. Simple squamous (one layer)
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Simple Columnar
d. Transitional
e. Stratified squamous
f. Stratified cuboidal
g. Pseudostratified columnar (attached to same basement membrane, thus not stratified)
• Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body
• It contains cells that are closely joined
• Some epithelial tissues are specialized for secretion or absorption.
• Exocrine versus endocrine glands: both formed from epithelial tissues.
Exocrine—secrete onto a surface through ducts. (Sweat glands, sebaceous)
Endocrine—secrete into the bloodstream; no ducts. (Pancreas); hormones.
• Connective tissue mainly binds and supports other tissues
o Matrix—material between cells
-It contains sparsely packed cells scattered throughout an extracellular matrix
-Ex) bone, blood, adipose tissue.
• Muscle tissue consists of long cells called muscle fibers, which contract in response to nerve signals: cardiac, skeletal, smooth
• Nervous tissue senses stimuli and transmits signals throughout the animal.
o (labeled neuron)
o Other specialized cells n nervous tissue support and protect the neurons
o Neuroglia
 Schwann cellsmyelin sheath
4) In all but the simplest animals, tissues are organized into organs (LE 40-6) (picture of lumen of stomach)
i. Mucosa: an epithelial layer that lines the lumen
ii. Submucosa: a matrix of connective tissue that contains lood vessels and nerves
iii. Muscularis: consists mainly of smooth muscle tissue
iv. Serosa: a thin layer of connective and epithelial tissue external to the muscularis
Organs make up organ systems that carry out the major body functions of most animals (Table 40.1)
5) Animals share a physiological need to maintain homeostasis (regulating their internal environment in the face of external change):
a. Material exchange is easy for single celled protists and simple animals with bodies no thicker than two tissue layers.

 

Fungi:

Applied Mycology (Fungi) Chapter 31
Distinctive features of Fungi:
1) Heterotrophic nutrition by absorption.
2) Vegetative portion of body is usually a mycelium composed of branching hyphae.
3) Fungi secrete exoenzymes that break down complex molecules, and then they absorb the smaller components.
4) Fungi exhibit diverse lifestyles. (Predators, decomposers, parasites (pathogens), mutualistic symbionts.)
5) Cell structure: cell walls made of chitin.
a. Spore, Hypha, Haustorium, Myceluim, Coenocytic hypha, Septate hypha.
b. Septa: cell walls between compartments in () hyphae.
c. Some fungi are coenocytic; in which hyphae lack septa
d. Haustoria allow penetration into tissues of organisms.
6) Fungi reproduce by spores.
Fungi can produce spores asexually or sexually (Insert Chart from Powerpoint)
Plasmogamy; heterokaryotic. “Sexual” life cycle stage unique to fungi.
Fairy Ring: The growth of the mycelium is a form of asexual propagation. The mushrooms are “fruiting bodies” –final products of sexual reproduction.


*********this is just the beginning of the notes, everything else talks about specific types of fungi and specialized stuff....this defines fungi somewhat*******

 

Plantae:

4/21/10 Kingdom Plantae-general characteristics
1) Cell structure: vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall
2) Biochemical components of plant cells:
a. Chlorophyll a as a primary pigment
b. Cellulose in cell walls; plant
c. Starch for energy storage; amylase.
3) Alternation of generations (Plant Life Cycle): Diploid Multicellular organism (sporophyte) . Haploid Multicellular organism (gametophyte). Compare plant and animal life cycle: our haploid stage is reproductive cells, which are not Multicellular.

Two major types of plants: Vascular vs. Nonvascular.
Plant evolution: trend similar to animals with respect to adaptations to life on land. “Ancestral green alga”.


********Again, these are just the beginnings of each section describing the differences between Animalia, Plantae and Fungi. Animalia is heterotropthic by ingestion, meaning they gain their nutrition by ingesting OTHER THINGS (hetero). Fungi are heterotrophic by absorbtion...their hypha go into the substrate, secrete enzymes absorb the nutrients.

I'm not sure exactly what you want definition wise, but there are differences in movement capability and gas exchange mechanisms as well. Again, not sure what you want exactly. xD