I
love thoroughbreds, as a breed (indeed most of the horses I've owned have been off the track, and probably a majority of the many many horses i've worked with over the years have been TBs, some off the track but many just raised as normal horses for the hunters etc).
I
have encountered some very ethical do-whats-right-for-the-horses-even-if-its-costly owners/riders/etc in the industry. For instance, the first horse I owned, who I bought when I got a job after grad school, had earned almost a quarter million dollars (not too bad for the mid 80s) racing only a few times per year off the farm, and after his 6 yr old year when he was no longer competitive in stakes company, the owner
gave him to his exercise rider (who really liked the horse; not many people did, as frankly he was somewhat of an s.o.b.
) rather than drop him down into the claimers where he could quite definitely have earned them more money since he was still sound and not *sour* just slowing down a little. (I then bought him from her for meat price, essentially it not a sale but just 'finding a good home'.)
But this is not common, and I am "not impressed" (I am being polite here) with the TB racing industry as a whole, and would never in a million years want to be involved. (I think the same of most horse show disciplines at the nationally-competetive level, but less so)
You have to realize, it is an
industry. For profit. Cut costs, cut losses, make decisions based on the bottom line. Not every person at every moment, but much or most of the time. It is quite expensive and generally a money-losing proposition to own and operate a racehorse, and especially since it has been democratized to the point where it is not just the super-wealthy owning racehorses, horse management tends to come up against 'the bottom line' on a very frequent basis. Economically-efficient strategies tend to dominate over whats-in-the-horses-best-interest strategies.
I do think it is *possible* to race horses reasonably ethically. There are doubtless a few people (with extremely deep pockets, I would guess, or a *true* love of horses and of eating beans and rice for life) doing it that way still today. But I do not see it as possible that the actual TB racing industry will ever, ever, ever operate in the best interests of the horses.
Also, IMHO you have to consider whether horses are capable of informed consent... yes, they WANT to run that fast, but given what we know about the likely consequences of it to their legs as time passes (sometimes years, sometimes just a millisecond), is it really appropriate for us to encourage them to DO it? I would liken it to many of the schemes that my 3 and 6 year old children come up with, any number of things they really WANT to do but have a good chance of ending badly in a life-changing or life-ending kind of way. They are not capable (in the case of my children, because they're too young; in the case of horses, because, well, they're *horses*) of really fully grasping the risks and consequences.
Sigh.
Well, to answer your actual question, though: to be a jockey you need to be abnormally short and light, like 110 lbs or so; also *crazy* (lol) and have an extremely philosophical attitude towards human nature and the vicissitudes of fate, and not to mind getting hurt a lot. Realistically, don't be thinking about being a jockey. Exercise rider is somewhat more of a realistic aspiration, as you merely need to be 'not large' (like maybe less than 150ish and not real tall), but you do need to have
excellent horsemanship skills. And the aforementioned extremely philosophical attitude towards human nature, fate and injuries. There are a variety of different exercise-rider type 'niches' available, I've had friends who mainly started youngsters at the farm, others who worked exclusively at tracks, etc. Also of course there is being a groom in various contexts, which is not a well-paying or physically-easy profession but the people I know it absolutely LOVE their horses more than anything, which is why they put up with the pay and hours.
Honestly though if you just luv luv luv TBs there are a whale of a lot of better outlets for it than going into the racing industry, which tends to chew up *people* as well as horses.
JMHO,
Pat