There is no one "right" placement for the feed or water that will work for everyone. You'll just have to consider the pros and cons of each possible placement and decide from there. Placing the food indoors may help keep wild birds out of it -- which can help with costs and reduce the likelihood of wild to domestic transmission of diseases -- but an enclosed run can do the same, and in some areas it's not of much concern to begin with. Outdoor placement of feeders can pull predators in, if left out 24/7. And if the feeders are of poor design you can also have issues with losing feed to wet weather. On the other hand, indoor placement of the feed can entice other small pests into the coop, increase the likelihood of transmission of disease from them -- specifically here, mice who can leave behind salmonella among other things. Indoor placement may also encourage some lazier birds to stay inside more than you may like which can increase bedding costs, labor requirements for maintenance and cleaning, etc. With the water, some of the same concerns apply to both situations. Specifically for indoor placement another concern with water can be the humidity it adds to the coop, especially in winter if you're in a cold climate. Higher humidity in cold weather can result in frost bite for the birds. On the other hand, indoor placement in the winter in cool but not really COLD areas can mean the water is less likely to freeze without the use of heaters, bulbs, etc. And so on and so forth. Only you can decide what is ideal for your flock and needs.
Personally, both feed and water are kept outdoors year round here. We don't have much issue with wild birds or predators, I considered weather when designing the feeding station and with a large flock that I expect to be outside on a daily basis keeping them outside helps to encourage the birds to get out and about and be active even in inclement weather.
