Well, the same hen laid another egg with an air bubble inside of it a couple of days ago. This time, the bubble looks like a bunch of small bubbles coming together. Cracking it open revealed bubbles in the white.
View attachment 2489349
View attachment 2489356
I attempted researching it (rather extensively actually), and the general consensus is that bubbles in the white is due to a ruptured air cell. What's interesting is that this egg, like the previous one, also appeared to be
missing its internal membrane. Since the hen who is responsible for this egg had an infection (not sure where exactly, potentially of the oviduct - antibiotics cleared it up), I suspected damage to the isthmus causing the membrane of the egg not to be applied. However, since the isthmus and the shell gland are so close together, and the egg did appear to have an external membrane, this hypothesis is unlikely since the egg probably would have had more acute shell problems (shell-less, or partially shelled) as well.
The egg did have a
rough shell
. So I guess it is possible that there was some damage to her oviduct and that overall the membranes and shell were weaker/thinner. However, that still does not explain the apparent absence of the internal membrane. If it were present and ruptured, I think I would have seen that.
Unfortunately, I have not been able to find any sources covering 'missing internal membranes' or even missing membranes in general but still shelled eggs. Most articles/scientific papers attribute it to rough handling, causing a rupture in the air cell. Clearly however, this is not the case as this was a fresh egg collected several hours after lay.
A rather interesting problem I think.