Virginia is not in the range of leafcutter ants. That does not mean the problem is not leafcutter ants. I'm not supposed to be in water moccasin range either, but I've had some. But the recognized leafcutter ant range supposedly stops around the Louisiana/Mississippi area to the East. Arizona is in their recognized range.
I have different things that strip the leaves from my beans. One is deer. They will eat the leaves overnight. Another is grasshoppers. My beans seem to explode with grasshoppers when I walk by. The leaves look like they have been stripped. I've had groundhogs eat the leaves from my beans, closer to the ground, not all over.
I had a strange one earlier this year when the bean plants were just getting started. From what you describe I'm pretty sure this is not your problem, but I had rats eating the young bean plants. They started at one end of the row, near where their nest was, and would eat one or two bean plants every night until I finally got rid of them. The point of the rat comments is that it could easily be something else. Many things like beans.
The ants are probably farming aphids on the bean plants. I'd certainly treat them for aphids. But I really think something other than ants is eating your bean leaves. I would not stop looking for an answer.
Good luck with it. I've been there, both with the rats and the groundhog. It can be frustrating and just hard to figure out at times.