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This reminded me of a couple of family farms I visited in Austria a couple of years ago--very much the old-world-small-homestead experience. They each had several hens and maybe a rooster or two that just wandered around the barn area freely. They mostly stuck around the barns with the cows and goats and pigs, finding plenty to eat in the straw, in the manure, in slop in the pig pen, and around the feeding stalls for the dairy animals. They drank out of puddles or out of the other animals' water troughs. I don't think anyone deliberately fed them at all, at least not during the summer months. They had no special housing or nesting accommodations. They presumable roosted in the stalls or in the hayloft. The family would gather the eggs wherever they found them, usually leaving one in the nest, so that the hen would keep laying in the same spot. One of the hens had just hatched chicks when I was there, and no one had noticed her absence till she showed up with the chicks one day--they never did know where she was nesting. Some of these chickens looked like mutts, but some were of a venerable heritage breed native to Austria called "Sulmthaler." I'm sure a martin or hawk probably carried off one once in a while, but by and large they seemed to be doing just fine--in fact they looked quite contented, healthy, sleek, and spry.
I don't have a barn or cows or any of this, but I still like to hold for myself this lovely example of "benign neglect" as an ideal to work toward...