For a good sampling of colors, take a look at the video/slideshow of my birds. I raise white, blue, black, buff, and lavender.
You also need to consider a few things if you are only wanting a few colors. Like... are you wanting to do some hobby showing? do you want to sell eggs/chicks/birds later on? are you only wanting pets?
Each color has its own advantages/disadvantages...
For instance, white is the easiest to breed. White x White will always give you a white bird, guaranteed. But they are the most common color out there and almost everyone has white Silkies.
Buff is probably the hardest color to breed because of the extra coloring in the tails and wings. One of the goals of the buff breeding program is to produce the clearest buff bird possible, meaning no black anywhere in the bird.
Blue/Black/Splash are the most versatile colors to breed because you can breed them three different ways, and keep 3 different colors without having to keep everything exclusively separated.
Partridge is another difficult color, and probably one of the least common colors. Depending on who you talk to you can get a different interpretation of what they should look like. But I find they are one of the most hardy varieties of Silkies.
Gray is basically a partridge carrying a silver gene instead of the gold. They too aren't very common.
Varieties like Lavenders, Cuckoo, Reds, and others aren't recognized by the APA/ABA and are still in the working stages. Sometimes these can be rather expensive, and illusive because only a few breeders have them in quality form.