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Mash is not "left over millings" it is just a loose mix of milled grains. It is still a complete ration. To make pellets they take mash, mix it with a binder and extrude it into pellets. Crumbles are broken bits of pellets. We only feed mash here, 120 tons a year to our layer hens. They have no problem with it. I have also have 30 broiler chicks right now that have no problem with it.
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No so either. If you let them clean up the feeders once a day they get any of the finer materials that may have settled. They will clean the feeders out...
Tuckat, the protein that a chicken needs is actually a fixed amount depending up their stage of growth and production level. How much protein they get each day depends upon how much they are eating. Layer rations are formulated to give the birds the approximate amount of protein they need when they are eating a certain amount each day, which is governed by the energy level (calories) in the feed. Your standard layer hen needs around 16% or 17% crude protein in the ration. Perhaps 17% when they are in peak production or when the weather is warmer and the hens are eating slightly less. Older birds past their peak or birds that are eating a lot because of colder weather require slightly less, perhaps, 16% feed (or a ration that is diluted with some scratch).
Don't worry about it too much. If it says layer feed on the bag they'll pretty much do ok on it. If you have a choice, buy the 17% and make it their sole ration when the birds are coming into lay and during hotter weather, in colder weather some scratch on the side provides extra energy and dilutes their regular ration a bit.