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Shell Defects
Sandpaper or rough shells
Description
The terms sandpaper shells and rough shells refer to eggs with rough-textured areas, often unevenly distributed over the shell.
Incidence
The incidence is normally less than 1% of total production, but may be higher for some strains of bird. It is also higher in early lay, often as a result of double ovulation, which produces one shell-less egg and another one with extra shell deposits.
Cause Control
Diseases, e.g. infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis or avian encephalomyelitis: Follow effective vaccination programmes.
Defective shell gland Disturbances at the time a hen is due to lay can cause the egg to be held over for another day : Minimise activities which create disturbances in and around the shed. Increase shed security to stop other birds and animals entering the shed.
Incorrect or changes in lighting programme : There should not be sudden increases in day length as pullets come into lay, or lighting changes during lay.
Water shortages : Make sure that the water supply is adequate, that there are no blockages in water lines and that drinkers are functioning property.