when your chickens are about two weeks out from laying age (18 weeks), you can start giving them the oyster shells. i mounted a small feeder on the side of the coop, off the ground so they dont turn it over. You can also give them the layer pellets about this time. about 20 weeks your chickens should be ready to lay. if there are oyster shells available they will take what they need, even from a separate feeder. I never mix the oyster shells with their food, but dont see why it would hurt anything if you did.
when they start laying, their body will tell them when they need the calcium. It is ALWAYS a good idea to have an abundant supply of it for layers. if they need the calcium, and it is not available, they may continue to lay and the calcium for the shells has to come from somewhere... their bones start to get robbed for the needed calcium and/or the shells start to become thinner and weaker.
its kinda like a chicken ostioperosis if they continue to lay without the calcium being replenished via supplement...
for layers... keep it available at all times... they will take what they need. Older hens (2-4 years) will take more as their bodies need more for continued egg production.